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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 22.
Published in final edited form as: Public Health Nutr. 2020 May 21;23(14):2637–2646. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020000075

Table 3. Multivariate logistic regressions exploring the associations between awareness of marketing and consumption of group two foods.

Food and drink product types
Takeaways1 Energy Drinks1 Ready meals1 Fried potatoes1 Milk drinks1 Sugared Cereals1
Variable and reference categories AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p
Age
    11-13 years old Ref 0.009 Ref 0.044 Ref 0.027 Ref n.s. Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001
    14-17 years old 0.98 n.s. 1.44 0.022 0.78 0.012 1.01 n.s. 0.66 0.001 0.53 0.001
    18-19 years old 1.36 0.003 0.91 n.s. 0.88 n.s. 0.90 n.s. 0.44 0.001 0.49 0.001
Gender
    Female Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref -
    Male 1.23 0.028 1.73 0.001 1.22 0.018 1.20 0.044 1.31 0.003 1.42 0.001
Ethnicity
    Other Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref - Ref -
    White British 1.02 n.s. 0.94 n.s. 1.35 0.008 1.39 0.005 0.83 n.s. 1.01 n.s.
Country
    England Ref 0.001 Ref n.s Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s.
    Wales (vs. England) 1.04 n.s. 0.81 n.s. 1.03 n.s. 1.00 n.s. 1.09 n.s. 1.05 n.s.
    Scotland (vs. England) 1.32 0.045 0.90 n.s. 0.95 n.s. 1.19 n.s. 0.90 n.s. 1.01 n.s.
    N. Ireland (vs. England) 2.14 0.001 1.78 0.025 1.14 n.s. 1.19 n.s. 0.89 n.s. 1.13 n.s.
IMD
    1 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.002 Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref 0.020 Ref 0.008
    2 (vs. 1) 0.71 0.016 0.73 n.s. 1.02 n.s. 0.86 n.s. 1.06 n.s. 0.95 n.s.
    3 (vs. 1,2) 0.80 n.s. 0.68 0.027 0.88 n.s. 0.99 n.s. 0.83 n.s. 0.87 n.s.
    4 (vs. 1,2,3) 0.75 0.007 0.63 0.007 0.94 n.s. 0.88 n.s. 0.85 n.s. 0.69 0.001
    5 (vs. 1,2,3,4) 0.68 0.002 0.75 n.s. 0.82 n.s. 0.82 n.s. 0.71 0.007 0.99 n.s.
Weight status
    Underweight Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s. Ref n.s.
    Healthy weight (vs. u/w2) 1.04 n.s. 1.20 n.s. 0.96 n.s. 0.91 n.s. 1.16 n.s. 0.77 0.025
    Overweight (vs. u/w and healthy) 1.21 n.s. 1.52 0.019 0.88 n.s. 1.23 n.s. 1.10 n.s. 0.93 n.s.
    Obese (vs. all other) 1.30 n.s. 0.94 n.s. 1.49 n.s. 0.91 n.s. 0.97 n.s. 1.21 n.s
Marketing
    Low Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.001 Ref 0.005 Ref 0.001 Ref n.s.
    Medium (vs. low) 1.46 0.037 2.09 0.009 1.96 0.001 1.24 n.s. 1.26 n.s. 1.30 n.s.
    High (vs. low and medium) 2.16 0.001 2.86 0.001 1.53 0.004 1.66 0.001 1.63 n.s. 1.28 n.s.
    Not stated (vs. all other) 0.87 n.s. 0.63 0.001 0.86 n.s. 0.88 n.s. 0.78 0.007 0.95 n.s.

Notes: DV for all models = High consumption (≥1 portions per week) vs. Low (≤0 portions per week); Hosmer & Lemeshow for all models p>0.05; Chi-square test of co-efficients for all models p<0.001; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio

1

HFSS products

2

Underweight; Cases with missing data excluded model-by-model takeaways (n = 899), energy drinks (n = 914), ready meals (n = 901), fried potatoes (n = 897), milk drinks (n = 927), sugar-sweetened cereals (n = 898).