Table 1. Baseline characteristics of male current regular drinkers by problem drinking status.
| Non-problem drinkers |
Problem drinkers |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All current regular drinkers | Low-risk drinkers (Within-guidelines) | High-risk drinkers | 1 indicator | 2+ indicators | p-value | ||
| Number of men (%) | 69904 | 25958 (37.1) | 27254 (39.0) | 13271 (19.0) | 3421 (4.9) | ||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 51.1 (10.2) | 51.7 (10.7) | 50.2 (9.8) | 51.8 (10.1) | 50.9 (9.8) | <0.001 | |
| Age groups, years % | <0.001 | ||||||
| <40 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 12.4 | 14.7 | ||
| 40-49 | 32.4 | 31.2 | 35.2 | 31.2 | 33.2 | ||
| 50-59 | 31.6 | 29.8 | 31.4 | 33.0 | 34.6 | ||
| 60-69 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 14.0 | 17.6 | 14.2 | ||
| 70+ | 5.5 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 3.2 | ||
| Urban area, % | 50.1 | 61.3 | 51.9 | 30.5 | 24.0 | <0.001 | |
| Highest education, % | <0.001 | ||||||
| Primary or below | 39.7 | 36.9 | 40.0 | 42.3 | 42.5 | ||
| Middle or high school | 52.2 | 53.6 | 51.9 | 51.8 | 53.4 | ||
| Technical school, college or university | 8.1 | 9.5 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 4.1 | ||
| Household income, yuan/year % | <0.001 | ||||||
| <20,000 | 48.5 | 47.3 | 47.2 | 52.5 | 53.2 | ||
| 20,000-34,999 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.1 | 26.8 | 28.1 | ||
| 35,000+ | 23.5 | 24.6 | 24.7 | 20.6 | 18.7 | ||
| Married, % | 93.8 | 94.8 | 93.9 | 92.6 | 91.1 | <0.001 | |
| Lifestyle & physical measurements | |||||||
| Regular smoking, % | 71.3 | 64.9 | 74.1 | 76.2 | 79.0 | <0.001 | |
| Mean physical activity, MET-h/d*(SD) | 22.9 (15.0) | 22.9 (14.8) | 22.8 (14.9) | 23.1 (15.2) | 23.4 (15.7) | 0.028 | |
| Mean SBP, mmHg (SD) | 134.2 (19.8) | 131.8 (19.1) | 135.7 (19.7) | 135.3 (20.6) | 136.7 (20.9) | <0.001 | |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 23.7 (3.2) | 23.6 (3.2) | 23.9 (3.3) | 23.5 (3.2) | 23.3 (3.1) | <0.001 | |
| Medical history, % | |||||||
| CHD | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 0.012 | |
| Stroke or TIA | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 0.058 | |
| Cancers | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.550 | |
| Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.013 | |
| Diabetes | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 0.155 | |
| Psychiatric disorder | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.481 | |
SD, standard deviation; MET-h/d, metabolic equivalent of task per hour per day; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; HED, heavy episodic drinking.
Prevalences and means are adjusted for age group and region as appropriate.
p-values were calculated using a chi-squared test for association between problem drinking and baseline characteristics.
Low-risk drinkers were current regular drinkers who drank <200g/week, with no HED in a typical drinking week or problem drinking indicator reported; high-risk drinkers were current regular drinkers who either drank at least 200g/week or engaged in HED in a typical drinking week, but with no problem drinking indicator reported; problem drinkers were current regular drinkers who reported at least one problem drinking indicator, and were further classified into “1 problem drinking indicator” and “2+ problem drinking indicators” according to the number of problem drinking indicators reported.
The sum of MET-h/d was estimated based on questions on the usual type and duration of activities related to work, commuting, household chores, and leisure-time exercise in the past year, adapted from validated questionnaires used in previous cohort studies, with some additional modifications after a CKB pilot study.