Table 1. Characteristics of study participants and relative levels of placental inositol content.
| N (%)† | Placental Inositol z-score, Mean (SD) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 0.414 | ||
| <25 | 98 (11.1) | -0.11 (1.13) | |
| 25- <35 | 586 (66.3) | 0.03 (1.00) | |
| ≥35 | 200 (22.6) | -0.03 (0.94) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.276 | ||
| Chinese | 530 (60.0) | -0.03 (0.96) | |
| Non-Chinese | 354 (40.0) | 0.04 (1.06) | |
| Parity | 0.304 | ||
| Nulliparous | 386 (43.7) | -0.04 (1.01) | |
| Parous | 498 (56.3) | 0.03 (0.99) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 0.361 | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 98 (11.1) | -0.12 (0.99) | |
| Normal (≥18.5 & <23) | 427 (48.3) | 0.01 (1.00) | |
| Overweight (≥23 & <27.5) | 196 (22.2) | 0.05 (1.08) | |
| Obese (≥27.5) | 105 (11.9) | -0.11 (0.88) | |
| Missing | 58 (6.5) | ||
| Tobacco smoke exposure | 0.002 | ||
| No | 450 (50.9) | -0.09 (0.98) | |
| Yes | 348 (39.4) | 0.13 (1.03) | |
| Missing | 86 (9.7) | ||
| Hypertensive disorders | 0.559 | ||
| No gestational hypertension | 833 (94.2) | -0.01 (1.00) | |
| Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia | 18 (2.1) | 0.16 (1.00) | |
| Non-proteinuric pregnancy-induced hypertension | 25 (2.8) | 0.05 (1.09) | |
| Chronic hypertension | 2 (0.2) | -0.86 (0.82) | |
| Missing | 6 (0.7) | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 0.010 | ||
| 37+0 to 38+6 weeks | 393 (44.5) | -0.10 (1.06) | |
| 39+0 weeks or more | 491 (55.5) | 0.08 (0.94) | |
| Neonatal sex | 0.454 | ||
| Male | 471 (53.3) | 0.02(1.02) | |
| Female | 413 (46.7) | -0.03 (0.98) | |
| Mode of delivery | 0.057 | ||
| Non-labour caesarean section | 117 (13.2) | 0.17 (0.97) | |
| Intrapartum caesarean section | 137 (15.5) | 0.59 (0.87) | |
| Vaginal delivery | 630 (71.3) | -0.04 (1.03) | |
| Timing of placental collection after delivery (minutes) | 0.037 | ||
| ≤30 | 110 (12.4) | 0.20 (1.09) | |
| 31-60 | 433 (49.0) | 0.03 (0.96) | |
| 61-90 | 160 (18.1) | -0.10 (1.01) | |
| ≥91 | 89 (10.1) | -0.15 (0.97) | |
| Missing | 92 (10.4) | ||
| GDM (WHO 1999 criteria) | 0.127 | ||
| No | 691 (78.2) | 0.02 (0.99) | |
| Yes | 154 (17.4) | -0.12 (1.04) | |
| Missing | 39 (4.4) | ||
| Pearson’s r | P value | ||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 845 (95.6) | -0.01 | 0.671 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 845 (95.6) | -0.08 | 0.023 |
†
Based on available data.
*
One-way ANOVA test of mean difference in inositol z-score between groups.
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose; WHO, World Health Organization.