Table 5. Participant characteristics across the placental inositol tertile groups.
| Groups of placental inositol tertiles | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Lowest | Middle | Highest | P value* | |
| Inositol z-score, range | -3.337, -0.470 | -0.469, 0.336 | 0.337, 3.990 | |
| Maternal age (years) | 30.9±5.0 | 31.2±5.2 | 31.3±4.9 | 0.590 |
| Ethnicity | 0.601 | |||
| Chinese | 171 (58.0) | 183 (62.0) | 176 (59.9) | |
| Non-Chinese | 124 (42.0) | 112 (38.0) | 118 (40.1) | |
| Parity | 0.400 | |||
| Nulliparous | 138 (46.8) | 126 (42.7) | 122 (41.5) | |
| Parous | 157 (53.2) | 169 (57.3) | 172 (58.5) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5±4.6 | 22.6±4.1 | 22.3±3.9 | 0.690 |
| Tobacco smoke exposure | 0.167 | |||
| No | 163 (55.3) | 153 (51.9) | 134 (45.6) | |
| Yes | 103 (34.9) | 117 (39.7) | 128 (43.5) | |
| Missing | 29 (9.8) | 25 (8.5) | 32 (10.9) | |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.0±1.0 | 39.1±1.0 | 39.2±1.0 | 0.090 |
| Neonatal sex | 0.745 | |||
| Male | 152 (51.5) | 161 (54.6) | 158 (53.7) | |
| Female | 143 (48.5) | 134 (45.4) | 136 (46.3) | |
| Mode of delivery | 0.137 | |||
| Non-labour caesarean section | 32 (10.9) | 41 (13.9) | 44 (15) | |
| Intrapartum caesarean section | 38 (12.9) | 55 (18.6) | 44 (15) | |
| Vaginal delivery | 225 (76.3) | 199 (67.5) | 206 (70.1) | |
| Timing of placental collection after delivery (minutes) | 0.116 | |||
| ≤30 | 33 (11.2) | 31 (10.5) | 46 (15.7) | |
| 31-60 | 132 (44.8) | 150 (50.9) | 151 (51.4) | |
| 61-90 | 56 (19.0) | 56 (19.0) | 48 (16.3) | |
| ≥91 | 37 (12.5) | 31 (10.5) | 21 (7.1) | |
| Missing | 37 (12.5) | 27 (9.2) | 28 (9.5) | |
| GDM (WHO 1999 criteria) | 0.053 | |||
| No | 218 (73.9) | 234 (79.3) | 239 (81.3) | |
| Yes | 64 (21.7) | 47 (15.9) | 43 (14.6) | |
| Missing | 13 (4.4) | 14 (4.8) | 12 (4.1) | |
| GDM Treatment | 0.941 | |||
| Diet-only | 57 (20.2) | 42 (15.0) | 38 (13.5) | |
| Insulin | 4 (1.4) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.4) | |
| None | 3 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
|
| ||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.3±0.5 | 4.4±0.5 | 4.3±0.4 | 0.069 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 6.6±1.5 | 6.5±1.4 | 6.4±1.4 | 0.226 |
Data presented as mean±SD or n (%).
*
Chi-squared test (for categorical variables) and Fisher’s exact test (for categorical variables with cells having an expected frequency of five or less) were used to analyse categorical data. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means across groups. BMI, body mass index, FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; 2hPG, 2-hour plasma glucose.