Table 2. Participant characteristics.
| Healthy controls | AD/MCI | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 14 | 28 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex a | % female | 42.9% | 42.9% | 1.000 |
| Age (years) b | mean (SD) | 70.4 (6.4) | 72.2 (8.7) | .480 |
| Education (years) c | mean (SD) | 14.4 (2.8) | 13.1 (3.1) | .147 |
| Hypertension a | % present | 21.4% | 25.0% | .798 |
| Hyperlipidaemia a | % present | 14.3% | 33.3% | .192 |
| Diabetes mellitus a | % present | 7.1% | 7.1% | 1.000 |
| History of smoking a | % present | 50.0% | 17.9% | .030* |
| Current smoker a | % present | 0.0% | 7.1% | .306 |
| Cognition | ||||
| MMSE c | mean (SD) | 28.9 (1.1) | 25.3 (2.5) | <.001*** |
| ACE-R b | mean (SD) | 93.5 (4.4) | 77.8 (8.9) | <.001*** |
| RAVLT b | mean (SD) | 44.6 (9.1) | 25.0 (8.7) | <.001*** |
| Imaging features | ||||
| WMH volume 1, c | mean (SD) | 0.28 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.58) | .017* |
| Whole brain [11C]PK11195 b | mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.05) | .197 |
| EPVS (basal ganglia) d | mean (SD) | 1.43 (0.65) | 1.54 (0.74) | .678 |
| CMB a | % present | 42.9% | 32.1% | .495 |
| Lacunes a | % present | 42.9% | 46.4% | .826 |
| Global SVD score (0-4) d | mean (SD) | 1.43 (1.22) | 1.79 (1.34) | .443 |
| CAA score (0-4) d | mean (SD) | 1.00 (1.04) | 1.57 (1.40) | .235 |
| HA score (0-4) d | mean (SD) | 0.57 (0.85) | 0.96 (1.07) | .254 |
1
Normalised volume adjusting for total intracranial volume (TIV): (volume in mL/TIV) x 100%
a
Chi-square test of independence,
b
T-test,
c
Mann-Whitney U test,
d
Kruskal-Wallis test
*
p<.05;
**
p<.01;
***
p<.001
Abbreviations: ACE-R = Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; CMB = cerebral microbleeds; EPVS = enlarged perivascular spaces; HA = hypertensive arteriopathy; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination (amyloid-positive); RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; WMH = white matter hyperintensities.