Table 2.
Comparison Between Exposure Estimates for Symptomatic (Pain >6) and Asymptomatic (Asymp.) Individuals. Within-Job Pooled Variance Between Full Cohort (Symptomatic + Asymptomatic Workers) and Asymptomatic Cohort. Linear Mixed Model (Beta Estimates and P-Values). Included are Descriptions of CONSTANCES Exposure Questions.
| Exposure Variable | Description | N (Asymp.) | N (Full) | Within-Job Variance (Asymp.) | Within-Job Variance (Full) | Beta Estimate | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical intensity | • How would you describe the intensity of the physical efforts of your work during a typical day? | 26821 | 34788 | 6.13 | 6.65 | 0.85 | 0.00 |
| Stand | • During a typical day of work: Are you standing? | 29597 | 35017 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
| Repetition | • On a typical day of work: Do you repeat the same actions more than 2 to 4 times per minute? | 26424 | 34297 | 0.97 | 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
| Change tasks | • On a typical day of work: Can you interrupt your work or change tasks or activities for 10 minutes or more each hour? | 26581 | 34520 | 1.11 | 1.13 | −0.11 | 0.00 |
| Rest eyes | • During a typical day of work: Can you rest your eyes for a few seconds outside of work breaks? | 31848 | 34510 | 1.00 | 1.01 | −0.18 | 0.00 |
| Kneel or squat | • During a typical day of work: Do you kneel or squat? | 29574 | 34963 | 0.51 | 0.55 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
| Bend trunk | • During a typical day of work: Do you lean forward or sideways regularly or for prolonged periods? | 30853 | 34920 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
| Drive machinery | • On a typical day of work: Do you drive construction machinery, a tractor, a self-propelled forklift or other mobile machinery at your workplace (except car or truck)? | 29385 | 34984 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| Drive car or truck | • On a typical day of work: Do you drive a vehicle (automobile, truck, bus, ambulance, motorcycle, etc.) on public roads, excluding commuting? | 29357 | 34951 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
| Handle objects 1–4 kg | • How much time do you spend doing the following tasks or activities: Handling or regularly moving a load, a part, an object weighing between 1 and 4 kg? | 31116 | 34644 | 1.34 | 1.38 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| Handle objects >4 kg | • How much time do you spend doing the following tasks or activities: Handling or regularly moving a load, a part, an object weighing more than 4 kg? | 28306 | 34555 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 0.21 | 0.00 |
| Carry loads <10 kg | • How much time do you spend doing the following tasks or activities: Carry a load that weighs less than 10 kg? | 28240 | 34475 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.00 |
| Carry loads 10–25 kg | • How much time do you spend doing the following tasks or activities: Carry a load that weighs 10 to 25 kg? | 28297 | 34568 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.17 | 0.00 |
| Carry loads > 25 kg | • How much time do you spend doing the following tasks or activities: Carry a load that weighs more than 25 kg? | 28271 | 34533 | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
| Use vibrating tools | • On a typical day of work, do you use: Vibrating tools or place your hand(s) on vibrating machines? | 28437 | 34747 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
| Use computer screen | • During a typical day of work, do you use: A computer screen or control panel? | 31017 | 34792 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.01 | 0.19 |
| Use keyboard or scanner | • During a typical day of work, do you use: A keyboard, a mouse, or similar device (optical pen, scanner) to enter data? | 28437 | 34735 | 0.61 | 0.63 | −0.01 | 0.98 |
| Bend neck | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Bending your head forward regularly or for a prolonged period? | 32048 | 34732 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 0.36 | 0.00 |
| Arms above shoulder | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Work with one or two arms in the air (above the shoulders) regularly or for a prolonged period? | 32712 | 34834 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.00 |
| Reach behind | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Reaching regularly for items behind your back? | 29482 | 34839 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
| Arms abducted | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Working with one or two arms separated from the body regularly or for a prolonged period? | 32634 | 34758 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.00 |
| Bend elbow | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Flex the elbow repeatedly or keep the elbow flexed against resistance? | 33722 | 34703 | 0.55 | 0.57 | 0.45 | 0.00 |
| Rotate forearm | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Twist your forearm as if you are using a screwdriver? | 32647 | 34786 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.00 |
| Bend wrist | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Bending the wrist? | 32599 | 34721 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.30 | 0.00 |
| Press base of hand | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Press/tap with the base of the hand on a surface or on a tool? | 33127 | 34736 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
| Finger pinch | • How long do you spend in the following posture during a typical day of work: Pinch objects with your thumb and forefinger. | 33128 | 34738 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.30 | 0.00 |
| Work Outdoors | • How long do you spend working outdoors during a typical day of work? | − | 35187 | - | - | - | - |