TABLE 3.
Main impacts on early marriage and pregnancy among youth aged 14–21 at baseline, by sex and country
| Panel A: Malawi (Social Cash Transfer Program) |
Male | Female | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever pregnant |
Ever pregnant |
Currently pregnant |
Currently pregnant |
Ever given birth |
Ever given birth |
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Treatment status | −0.0135 | −0.0179* | −0.00983 | −0.00428 | −0.00137 | 0.00507 | −0.0177 | −0.0171 | 0.0196 | 0.0231 |
| (0.0111) | (0.00878) | (0.0187) | (0.0176) | (0.0238) | (0.0169) | (0.0174) | (0.0172) | (0.0234) | (0.0205) | |
| Observations | 1,023 | 1,023 | 878 | 878 | 917 | 917 | 917 | 917 | 917 | 917 |
| R-squared | 0.371 | 0.403 | 0.364 | 0.454 | 0.403 | 0.463 | 0.094 | 0.100 | 0.379 | 0.447 |
| Endline control mean | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.35 | |||||
| Panel B: Zambia (Multiple Category Targeted Grant) |
Male | Female | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever married or cohabited |
Ever pregnant |
Ever pregnant |
Currently pregnant |
Currently pregnant |
Ever given birth |
Ever given birth |
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Treatment status | 0.000861 | −0.00114 | 0.0112 | 0.0117 | 0.000860 | 0.000716 | −0.0117 | −0.0106 | 0.00375 | 0.00382 |
| (0.00779) | (0.00770) | (0.0145) | (0.0141) | (0.0187) | (0.0198) | (0.00957) | (0.0116) | (0.0174) | (0.0173) | |
| Observations | 1,296 | 1,296 | 1,070 | 1,070 | 1,210 | 1,210 | 1,210 | 1,210 | 1,210 | 1,210 |
| R-squared | 0.140 | 0.167 | 0.398 | 0.415 | 0.362 | 0.398 | 0.117 | 0.133 | 0.386 | 0.424 |
| Endline control mean | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.18 | |||||
NOTES: Estimations of equation (1) use ANCOVA modeling among panel individuals (follow-up after 30 months in Malawi and after 36 months in Zambia). Robust standard errors in parentheses corrected for clustering.
***
p<0.01
**
p<0.05
*
p<0.1.
All controls are measured at baseline and include stratifying indicators used for the randomization (traditional authorities dummies in Malawi and districts in Zambia). Inconsistent observations, namely those individuals reporting ever being married/pregnant at baseline but never being married/pregnant at endline were excluded from the analysis. Sampling weights have been applied in Malawi.