Table.
| Ref. | Species/Model | Pharmacological Target | Therapeutic | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38 | Rhesus/i.v. LPS | TNF-α | Anti-TNF-α Ab | ↓ TNF-α, coagulation, MOF, death |
| 40,42 | Chimpanzee/i.v. LPS | TNF-α | Anti-TNF-α Ab | ↓ IL-6, CXCL840, & lung coagulation42 |
| 43 | Baboon/i.v. LPS | TNF-α | Anti-TNF-α Ab | ↓ TNF-α, coagulation, MOF |
| 95–98 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | TNF-α | Anti-TNF-α Ab | ↓ coagulation, MOF, death |
| 42,44 | Chimpanzee/i.v. LPS | IL-6 | Anti-IL-6 Ab | ↓ coagulation in lung/BAL42, serum44 |
| 52 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | Xa, FVIIa/TF/Xa complex | rTFPI | ↓ coagulation, MOF, death |
| 53 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | TF | Anti-TF Ab | ↓ coagulation, SIRS, death |
| 18,54 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | TF | Anti-FVIIa Ab | ↓ coagulation, inflammation, MOF, death |
| 70 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | TF | Anti-FX Ab | ↓ coagulation, MOF |
| 55 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | Thrombin pathway | rhATIII | ↓ DIC, inflammation, death |
| 58 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | C3 convertase | compstatin | ↓ coagulation, MOF |
| 72 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | C3 convertase | compstatin | ↓ post-ARDS fibrosis |
| 59 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | C5 | C5 inhibitor | ↓ coagulation, MOF, death |
| 94 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | E- and L-selectins | Anti-selectin Ab | Worsened UOP, acidosis, mortality |
| 48,49 | Baboon/i.v. E. coli | FVa, FVIIIa, PAI-1 | APC | ↓ coagulation/TNF-α48, MOF/death49 |
| 109–111 | Baboon/i.b. S. pneumoniae | HO-1, SPM | Inhaled CO gas | ↓ ALI severity109, ↑ SPM110–111 |
| 88 | Cynomolgus/i.b. B. anthracis | 30S ribosomal subunit | TP-271 antibiotic | ↓ infection-related mortality |
| 89,90,112 | Cynomolgus/i.b. B. anthracis | Host immunity | vaccines | ↓ infection-related mortality |
Abbreviations: Ref, references; i.v., intravenous; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Ab, antibody; MOF, multi-organ failure; IL, interleukin; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; TF, tissue factor; rTFPA, recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TF, tissue factor; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; rhATIII, recombinant human antithrombin III; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; UOP, urine output; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; APC, activated protein C; i.b., intrabronchial; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; SPM, specialized proresolving lipid mediators; CO, carbon monoxide; ALI, acute lung injury.