Table 4.
Sex Differences in Response to the ABCD Measures.
| Measures | N | Male M (SD) |
Female M (SD) |
t-statistic | p-value | ES [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth | ||||||
| Cultural/Ethnic Group Membership Domain | ||||||
| Acculturation (friends) | 1594 | 4.57 (0.74) | 4.48 (0.77) | 2.41 | 0.016 | 0.12 [0.02, 0.22] |
| Acculturation (family) | 1594 | 3.87 (1.36) | 3.85 (1.33) | 0.22 | 0.83 | 0.015 [−0.08, 0.11] |
| Proximal Social Environment Domain | ||||||
| Neighborhood Safety | 4079 | 4.11 (1.05) | 4.12 (1.03) | −0.36 | 0.72 | −0.01 [−0.07, 0.05] |
| SRPF School Environment (Total) | 4078 | 19.70 (2.85) | 20.21 (2.65) | 5.88 | < 0.0001 | −0.19 [−0.25, −0.12] |
| SRPF School Involvement (Total) | 4078 | 12.76 (2.39) | 13.52 (2.16) | 0.60 | < 0.0001 | −0.35 [−0.39, −0.27] |
| SRPF School Disengagement (Total) | 4078 | 3.87 (1.44) | 3.47 (1.37) | 8.97 | < 0.0001 | 0.28 [0.22, 0.35] |
| Social Interaction Domain | ||||||
| CRPBI Acceptance (Mean, mother) | 4079 | 2.77 (0.31) | 2.81 (0.29) | 3.67 | < 0.0002 | −0.13 [−0.19, −0.07] |
| FES Conflict Subscale (Mean) | 4080 | 2.07 (1.93) | 1.85 (1.92) | 3.64 | 0.0003 | 0.11 [0.05, 0.18] |
| Parental Monitoring (Mean) | 4081 | 4.22 (0.51) | 4.50 (0.46) | −10.44 | < 0.0001 | −0.58 [−0.64, −0.51] |
| SDQ Prosocial Behavior (Mean) | 4077 | 1.61 (0.39) | 1.77 (0.32) | −13.73 | < 0.0001 | −0.45 [−0.51 −0.38,] |
| Parent | ||||||
| Cultural/Ethnic Group Membership Domain | ||||||
| VIA Heritage Culture (Mean) | 2719 | 6.39 (1.80) | 6.32 (1.82) | 1.03 | 0.301 | 0.04 [−0.04, 0.11] |
| VIA Mainstream Culture (Mean) | 2719 | 6.83 (1.49) | 6.78 (1.53) | 0.80 | 0.42 | 0.03 [−0.04, 0.11] |
| MEIM-R Exploration (Mean) | 3840 | 2.80 (1.03) | 2.80 (1.01) | 0.18 | 0.86 | 0 [−0.06, 0.06] |
| MEIM-R Commitment (Mean) | 3840 | 2.48 (.92) | 2.46 (.88) | 0.40 | 0.69 | 0.02 [−0.04, 0.09] |
| MACVS Familism-Support (Mean) | 4086 | 4.16 (0.60) | 4.12 (0.61) | 1.83 | 0.067 | 0.07 [0, 0.13] |
| MACVS Familism-Obligations (Mean) | 4086 | 3.62 (0.65) | 3.60 (0.67) | 1.15 | 0.25 | 0.03 [−0.03, 0.09] |
| MACVS Familism-Referent (Mean) | 4086 | 3.37 (0.77) | 3.33 (0.79) | 1.42 | 0.16 | 0.05 [−0.01, 0.11] |
| MACVS Independence/Self-reliance (Mean) | 4086 | 3.56 (0.61) | 3.56 (0.60) | −0.077 | 0.94 | 0 [−0.06 0.06,] |
| MACVS Religion (Mean) | 4086 | 3.24 (1.42) | 3.26 (1.44) | −0.55 | 0.58 | −0.01 [−0.08, 0.05] |
| Native American Acculturation Scale (Mean) | 118 | 3.43 (0.72) | 3.36 (0.77) | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.08 [−0.27, 0.45] |
| Acculturation (friends) | 1322 | 4.05 (1.16) | 4.03 (1.19) | 0.28 | 0.78 | 0.02 [−0.09, 0.13] |
| Acculturation (family) | 1323 | 3.74 (1.37) | 3.77 (1.35) | −0.50 | 0.62 | −0.02 [−0.13, 0.02] |
| Proximal Social Environment Domain | ||||||
| Neighborhood Safety (Mean) | 4082 | 4.04 (0.90) | 3.95 (0.95) | 3.08 | 0.0021 | 0.10 [0.04, 0.16] |
| Social Interaction Domain | ||||||
| FES Conflict Subscale (Mean) | 4087 | 2.53 (1.90) | 2.39 (1.84) | 2.43 | 0.015 | 0.07 [0.01, 0.14] |
| SDQ Prosocial Behavior (Mean) | 4065 | 1.70 (0.44) | 1.81 (0.36) | −9.06 | < 0.0001 | −0.27 [−0.33, −0.21] |
Notes: Analyses done only with male vs female youth sex. Ns vary for individual analyses because some measures had unique “qualifier” questions required before proceeding to the main measure (see text) and not all Ss endorsed the qualifier. Overall, Male N = 2162; female N = 1932 (52.8% and 47.2% respectively). N = 10 endorsed “other”. This subset not included in analyses because N too small to utilize as a separate category.
Reports on the measures answered by parents are categorized based on sex of their child.