Figure 4. Steps to Differentiate Arterial Stenosis and Pseudostenosis.

If a pseudostenosis is suspected, check the contrast injection site and examine the length and width of the lesion. Injection of the contralateral arm or delayed sequence imaging with non-visualization of the suspected pseudostenosis is confirmatory. In absence of radiologic confirmation, no associated vascular examination findings in the corresponding limb can provide clinical support to confirm a suspected pseudostenosis. *Clinical symptoms in a corresponding limb may be present in cases of suspected pseudostenosis when there is a concurrent true stenosis in the same artery.