Figure 4.

Demonstration of tissue auto-fluorescence and contamination by heme byproducts. Maximum-intensity projection of fixed, unlabeled, nonclarified placental tissue of the NHP imaged using the Leica SP5 AOB5 spectral confocal system with a 20× PL APO NA 0.75 AIR CORR CS2 objective at 512 nm. Arterioles are high-intensity due to elastin auto-fluorescence while hemoglobin byproducts are visualized as ‘Christmas lights’ throughout the image. Villous tissue is visible secondary to natural auto-fluorescence from lipofuscin and other organic molecules.

NHP: Nonhuman primate.