Table 4.
Factors Associated with Hypertension among Ghanaians living with HIV on cART and those cART naïve
| Predictor | PLWH on cART | PLWH not on cART | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age, each 10-years older | 1.99(1.44–2.74) | 2.17(1.55–3.03) | 1.92 (1.31–2.82) | 1.92 (1.26–2.92) |
| Male sex | 1.35 (0.71–2.57) | -- | 1.27 (0.56–2.87) | -- |
| CD4 T-cell count, each 100 cells/mm3 higher | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | -- | 1.15 (1.01–1.27) | 1.09 (0.96–1.23) |
| WHO Clinical stages, each stage higher | 1.03 (0.80–1.34) | -- | 1.78 (0.90–3.53) | -- |
| Duration of cART exposure in years | 1.00 (0.93 – 1.08) | -- | N/A | N/A |
| Viral load <40copies/ml | 1.47 (0.84 – 2.59) | -- | 0.83 (0.59–1.16)** | -- |
| Efavirenz based cART versus Nevirapine based cART (referent) | 1.42 (0.83–2.43) | -- | N/A | N/A |
| Family History of hypertension | 1.24 (0.90–1.70) | -- | 1.89 (1.28–2.78) | 1.72 (1.12–2.65) |
| Body mass index, each 5kg/m2 rise | 1.31 (1.03–1.66) | 1.46(1.13–1.87) | 1.67 (1.20–2.32) | 1.47 (1.00–2.16) |
| Total serum cholesterol>5.2mmol/l | 0.61 (0.36–1.04) | -- | 0.63 (0.32 – 1.21) | -- |
| Total serum triglyceride >1.70mmol/l | 0.56 (0.30–1.06) | -- | 0.36 (0.15 – 0.87) | 0.46 (0.18– 1.16) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, each 15ml/min higher | 1.10 (0.75–1.62) | -- | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | -- |
| Cigarette use | 0.72 (0.24–2.11) | -- | 1.20 (0.31–4.73) | -- |
| Physical activity | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) | -- | 1.11 (0.50–2.45) | -- |
| Table added salt | 1.24 (0.71–2.16) | -- | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | -- |
| Vegetable servings | 1.02 (0.75–1.39) | -- | 0.95 (0.72–1.35) | -- |
| Fruit servings | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | -- | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) | -- |
| Alcohol use | 0.56 (0.20–1.60) | -- | 1.84 (0.64–5.27) | -- |
**
Viral load, each log higher