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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 14.
Published in final edited form as: Appl Phys Rev. 2018 Dec;5(4):041107. doi: 10.1063/1.5050245

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Tuning of mechanical properties via 3D printing. (A1) Schematic of programmed exposure time for production gradient stiffness. (A2) Designed gradient pattern and (A3) SEM image of the corresponding printed construct, scale bar = 500 µm. (Reproduced with permission from S. H. Pyo et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 836 (2017). Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society). 3D printed auxetic structures. (B) Optical images of various printed auxetic patterns as single-layer and double-layer PEG scaffolds showing undeformed and deformed states in response to applied axial strain. (Reproduced with permission from D. Y. Fozdar et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 2712 (2011). Copyright 2011 Wiley & Sons, Inc.). Human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on (C1 and C4) positive Poisson ratio and (C2, C3, and C5) negative Poisson ratio regions of printed PEG scaffolds. Scale bars = 250 µm (C1 and C2) and 125 µm (C3-C5). (Reproduced with permission from P. Soman et al., Acta Biomater. 8, 2587 (2012). Copyright 2012 Acta Materialia, Inc.).