Mice were exposed to air, PG, and PG with nicotine (PG+Nicotine) for 3 days (2 hrs/day). Mice were sacrificed 2 hrs post-last exposure on day 3. RNA was extracted from lung homogenates, and myogenic and lipogenic markers were quantified using qPCR. Gene expression analysis revealed altered mRNA levels of lipogenic and myogenic markers in mouse lungs: Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARg), Type1 fibronectin (FN1), Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), Alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), and β-catenin (CTNNB1). Combined results (A), male (B) and female (C) were presented individually. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=8–9/group; n=4–5 male and female mice were used; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, significant compared with air control; #P < 0.05, significant compared with PG exposed group.)