The protein abundance of lipogenic and myogenic markers were measured in lung homogenates by western blotting. β-actin was used as an endogenous control. Representative blots for lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), β-Catenin, and E-cadherin levels in air, PG and PG with nicotine (PG+nicotine) exposed (A) male and (B) female mice are shown. (C) The band intensity was measured by densitometry and data are shown as fold change relative to air group control; β-actin was used as a loading control. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n=6/group; equal number of male and female mice were used; n=3 for male and female groups respectively; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, significant compared with air exposed control.)