Table 3.
Z-score | SSNS | p | SSNS adjusted for muscle Z-score | p | SSNS adjusted for BMI Z-score | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pQCT | ||||||
TrabBMD | −0.60 (−0.89, −0.31) | <0.0001 | −0.69 (−0.97, −0.41) | <0.0001 | −0.69 (−0.98, −0.41) | <0.0001 |
CortBMD | 1.17 (0.89, 1.45) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (0.89, 1.45) | <0.0001 | 1.18 (0.90, 1.45) | <0.0001 |
CortBMC | 0.60 (0.32, 0.87) | <0.0001 | 0.38 (0.17, 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.20, 0.71) | <0.001 |
Cortical CSA | 0.37 (0.09, 0.66) | 0.01 | 0.14 (−0.08, 0.35) | 0.20 | 0.22 (−0.04, 0.48) | 0.10 |
Zp | 0.07 (−0.20, 0.33) | 0.62 | −0.15 (−0.35, 0.06) | 0.16 | −0.10 (−0.34, 0.13) | 0.39 |
SSIp | 0.29 (0.02, 0.56) | 0.04 | 0.07 (−0.14, 0.29) | 0.51 | 0.14 (−0.11, 0.39) | 0.28 |
Muscle CSA | 0.34 (0.08, 0.61) | 0.01 | ||||
Fat CSA | 0.56 (0.27, 0.84) | <0.001 | ||||
DXA | ||||||
PA areal BMD | −0.08 (−0.37, 0.20) | 0.56 | −0.16 (−0.44, 0.11) | 0.24 | −0.23 (−0.50, 0.04) | 0.09 |
WA BMD | −0.45 (−0.75, −0.16) | 0.002 | −0.52 (−0.81, −0.23) | 0.001 | −0.53 (−0.82, −0.24) | <0.001 |
The sex- and race-specific Z-scores are presented with the 95% CIs.
The Z-scores for the pQCT vBMD and DXA BMD outcomes were generated relative to age. The remaining pQCT cortical, muscle, and fat Z-scores were generated relative to tibia length and then adjusted for age.