Table 2.
MRS Results in Youth with Severe Mood Dysregulation (SMD) Pre- and Posttreatment with Lithium versus Placebo
| mI/Cr |
NAA/Cr |
GLX/Cr |
Cr |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROI | Group | Time | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n |
| Frontal | SMD-Li+ | Pre | 0.85 | 0.18 | 9 | 1.42 | 0.27 | 8 | 2.15 | 0.32 | 5 | 4.30 | 0.44 | 9 |
| Post | 1.01 | 0.20 | 9 | 1.39 | 0.29 | 8 | 2.56 | 1.19 | 5 | 4.17 | 1.27 | 9 | ||
| SMD-Plac | Pre | 1.02 | 0.31 | 8 | 1.43 | 0.23 | 8 | 2.41 | 0.86 | 6 | 4.28 | 0.81 | 10 | |
| Post | 0.98 | 0.24 | 8 | 1.38 | 0.15 | 8 | 2.21 | 0.26 | 6 | 3.84 | 1.04 | 10 | ||
| Time | F(1,15) = 0.74, p = 0.40, ηp2 = 0.05 | F(1,14) = 0.45, p = 0.45, ηp2= 0.03 | F(1,9) = 0.12, p = 0.73, ηp2 = 0.01 | F(1,17) = 1.12 p = 0.30, ηp2= 0.06 | ||||||||||
| Time × group | F(1,15) = 1.71 p = 0.21, ηp2= 0.10 | F(1,17) = 0.02, p = 0.90, ηp2 = 0.00 | F(1,9) = 1.00, p = 0.34, ηp2=0.10 | F(1,17) = 0.35, p = 0.56, ηp2= 0.02 | ||||||||||
| Temporal | SMD-Li+ | Pre | 1.03 | 0.12 | 8 | 1.23 | 0.21 | 8 | 2.44 | 0.38 | 6 | 4.31 | 0.73 | 8 |
| Post | 0.94 | 0.21 | 8 | 1.14 | 0.14 | 8 | 2.37 | 0.70 | 6 | 4.08 | 0.94 | 8 | ||
| SMD-Plac | Pre | 0.98 | 0.26 | 9 | 1.13 | 0.15 | 8 | 2.33 | 0.27 | 9 | 4.64 | 0.74 | 9 | |
| Post | 0.88 | 0.14 | 9 | 1.23 | 0.20 | 8 | 2.21 | 0.36 | 9 | 4.43 | 0.99 | 9 | ||
| Time | F(1,15) = 2.25, p = 0.15, ηp2= 0.13 | F(1,14) = 0.003, p = 0.96, ηp2= 0.00 | F(1,13) = 0.31, p = 0.59, ηp2= 0.02 | F(1,15) = 0.72, p = 0.41,η p2 = 0.05 | ||||||||||
| Time × group | F(1,15) = 0.00, p = 1.00, ηp2= 0.00 | F(1,14) = 2.41, p = 0.14, ηp2= 0.15 | F(1,13) = 0.02, p = 0.88, ηp2 = 0.00 | F(1,15) = 0.003, p = 0.96, ηp2 = 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Parietal | SMD-Li+ | Pre | 0.93 | 0.45 | 7 | 1.52 | 0.30 | 7 | 1.75 | 0.32 | 3 | 4.68 | 0.49 | 7 |
| Post | 0.94 | 0.24 | 7 | 1.51 | 0.21 | 7 | 2.23 | 1.01 | 3 | 4.43 | 0.97 | 7 | ||
| SMD-Plac | Pre | 0.95 | 0.32 | 9 | 1.59 | 0.23 | 9 | 2.49 | 1.01 | 7 | 4.35 | 0.80 | 9 | |
| Post | 0.87 | 0.19 | 9 | 1.44 | 0.21 | 9 | 2.23 | 1.01 | 3 | 4.63 | 0.68 | 9 | ||
| Time | F(1,14) = 0.11, p= 0.75 ηp2= 0.01 | F(1,14) = 1.19, p = 0.30, ηp2= 0.08 | F(1,8) = 0.01, p = 0.94, ηp2= 0.00 | F(1,14) = 0.003, p = 0.96, ηp2= 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Time × group | F(1,14) = 0.15, p = 0.70, ηp2 = 0.01 | F(1,14) = 0.78, p = 0.39, ηp2= 0.05 | F(1,8) = 1.55, p = 0.25, ηp2= 0.16 | F(1,14) = 0.97, p = 0.34, η p2= 0.07 | ||||||||||
| Parieto-occipito | SMD-Li+ | Pre | 0.85 | 0.13 | 7 | 1.34 | 0.19 | 7 | 2.19 | 0.56 | 6 | 5.25 | 0.49 | 7 |
| Post | 0.83 | 0.08 | 7 | 1.24 | 0.09 | 7 | 2.44 | 0.44 | 6 | 5.22 | 0.61 | 7 | ||
| SMD-Plac | Pre | 0.83 | 0.13 | 10 | 1.40 | 0.16 | 10 | 2.41 | 0.46 | 8 | 4.92 | 0.45 | 10 | |
| Post | 0.79 | 0.15 | 10 | 1.24 | 0.13 | 10 | 2.15 | 0.40 | 8 | 4.87 | 0.45 | 10 | ||
| Time | F(1,15) = 0.46, p = 0.51, ηp2= 0.03 | F(1,15) = 0.77, p = 0.39, ηp 2= 0.05 | F(1,12) = 0.003, p = 0.96, ηp2= 0.00 | F(1,15) = 0.07, p = 0.79, ηp2= 0.01, F(1,15) = 0.003, p = 0.96,ηp2= 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Time × group | F(1,15) = 0.04, p = 0.84, ηp2= 0.00 | F(1,15) = 3.31, p = 0.09, ηp2= 0.09 | F(1,12) = 8.31 p = 0.01, ηp2= 0.41 | |||||||||||
All data meeting Cramer–Rao lower bounds of 20% or less were included for analysis.
Abbreviations: n (%) = Number and (percent) of total spectra acquired that were included in each analysis after meeting the above Cramer-Rao cutoff for data quality; ηp2 = partial eta squared; ROI = regions of interest; mI = myoinositol; Cr = creatine; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate; GLX = glutamate and glutamine; SD = standard deviation; Li = lithium; Plac = placebo.