Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Sample | Country | N (% f) | Age mean (range) | Education mean (range) | Key publications | Main screening instruments/inclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nor | 69 (57) | 51.3 (20-88) | 15 (7-20) | (Walhovd et al., 2005a) | Health interview, MMSE > 26, BDI < 16, IQ > 85, RH only |
| 2 | Nor | 208 (71) | 46.8 (19-75) | 14 (9-22) | (Espeseth et al., 2008) | Health interview, IQ > 85 |
| 3 | Swe | 106 (32) | 41.6 (19-56) | 14 (9-22) | (Nesvag et al., 2008) | Health interview, DSM-III-R, WASI vocabulary > 16a |
| 4 | USA | 155 (65) | 44.5 (18-93) | 3.5 (1-5)c | (Marcus et al., 2007) | Health interview, CDR = 0b, MMSE > 25b, RH only |
| 5 | USA | 154 (61) | 44.4 (18-94) | 3.4 (1-5)c | Similar to Sample 4 | Similar to Sample 4 |
| 6 | USA | 191 (60) | 47.3 (18-81) | 15.7 (12-21) | (Raz et al., 2004a) | Health interview, BIMCT > 30, GDQ < 15, RH only, neuroradiology, |
| 7 | Nor | 260 (57) | 48.8 (20-93) | 15.5e (8-23) | (Fjell et al., 2008b) | Health interview, Neuropsychological evaluation, BDI < 16, IQ > 85, RH only |
| 8d | USA | 96 (59) | 76.6 (62-96) | 2.8 (1-5) c | Similar to Sample 4 | Health interview, CDR ≥ 0.5, RH only |
Nor: Norway
Swe: Sweden
% f: percentage of female participants
MMSE: Mini Mental Status Exam (Folstein et al. 1975)
BDI: Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1987)
BIMCT: Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration Test (Blessed et al. 1968)
CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating (Berg, 1984, 1988; Morris, 1993)
GDQ: Geriatric Depression Questionnaire (Auer and Reisberg, 1997)
RH: Right handed
WASI: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999)
Available for 70 participants
Available for participants ≥ 60 years only
Available for all participants ≥ 60 years, and sporadically for the rest. 1: less than high school grad., 2: high school grad., 3: some college, 4: college grad., 5: beyond college
Alzheimer patients
Missing for one participant