FIG. 1.

Representative examples showing the post-traumatic time course of oxidative damage as revealed by 3-NT and 4-HNE immunostaining. Images are representative coronal sections at the epicenter (T10) at 3, 24, and 72 h and at 1 and 2 weeks post-injury. Adjacent sections from the same animal were stained for 3-NT and 4-HNE. All sections were counterstained with nuclear fast red. The sham animal showed minimal staining for both markers. By 3 h post-injury, staining was substantially elevated, encompassing all of the gray matter and extending into the white matter. It peaked for 3-NT and 4-HNE around 24 to 72 h post-injury, with only a small rim of white matter remaining unstained. By 1 week, 3-NT staining had nearly disappeared, while the elevation of 4-HNE persisted throughout the gray matter until at least 2 weeks post-injury (scale bar =500 μm).