Table 2.
Demographic, Laboratory, and Clinical Factors in Relation to the Risk of Presence of Coronary Plaques *
| Variable | All Plaques | Noncalcified Plaques | Calcified Plaques | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age (y) | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥50 | 4.35 (1.66, 11.4) | 3.11 (1.04,9.30) | 3.00 (0.87, 10.4) | 3.05 (1.14, 8.15) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Male | 3.35 (1.54, 7.27) | 4.23 (1.79, 10.0) | 1.85 (0.57, 5.99) | 3.64 (1.43, 9.31) | 4.32 (1.60, 11.7) | |
| Family history of CAD | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.26 (0.61, 2.66) | 2.07 (0.70, 6.07) | 0.89 (0.37, 2.14) | |||
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||||
| >200 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≤200 | 0.74 (0.28, 1.95) | 0.24 (0.01, 1.77) | 1.29 (0.44, 3.74) | |||
| HIV RNA (copies/mL) | ||||||
| <400 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥400 | 1.26 (0.52, 3.02) | 5.40 (1.10, 26.4) | 0.50 (0.17, 1.46) | |||
| Cocaine use | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Ever | 3.18 (0.70, 14.5) | 0.67(0.14, 3.26) | not estimable | |||
| Years of cocaine use | ||||||
| ≤15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| >15 | 2.65 (1.35,5.18) | 2.67 (1.23, 5.83) | 0.75 (0.97, 7.79) | 2.02 (0.96, 4.26) | 2.51 (1.11, 5.67) | |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Ever | 1.30 (0.49, 3.49) | 1.12 (0.24, 5.25) | 1.33 (0.43, 4.18) | |||
| Years of cigarette smoking | ||||||
| ≤15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >15 | 1.83 (0.78, 4.32) | 1.26 (0.34, 4.66) | 1.99 (0.71, 5.52) | |||
| Alcohol use | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.53 (0.48, 4.88) | 1.78 (0.22, 14.4) | 1.32 (0.36, 4.83) | |||
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥2 | 0.86 (0.44, 1.68) | 0.82 (0.29, 2.38) | 0.92 (0.43, 1.95) | |||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||||
| <120 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥120 | 1.36 (0.64, 2.87) | 0.74 (0.20, 2.72) | 1.68 (0.74,3.82) | |||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||||
| ≤80 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >80 | 1.64 (0.82, 3.28) | 2.97 (0.69, 5.61) | 1.30 (0.59, 2.87) | |||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <85 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥85 | 1.56 (0.81, 3.00) | 2.17 (0.75, 6.27) | 1.19 (0.57, 2.50) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥24 | 0.87 (0.45, 1.68) | 0.59 (0.20, 1.69) | 1.11 (0.53, 2.33) | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <160 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥160 | 2.51 (1.27, 4.96) | 2.47 (1.16, 5.27) | 3.20 (0.99, 10.3) | 1.84 (0.86, 3.95) | ||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <100 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥100 | 1.83 (0.93, 3.60) | 1.57 (0.55, 4.45) | 1.71 (0.79, 3.66) | |||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥50 | 0.78 (0.41, 1.50) | 0.94 (0.34, 2.63) | 0.75 (0.36, 1.58) | |||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||||
| <130 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥130 | 2.54 (1.30, 4.98) | 1.10 (0.38, 3.20) | 3.11 (1.45, 6.66) | 3.39 (1.52, 7.57) | ||
| Framingham score | ||||||
| <3% | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≥3% | 5.68 (2.11, 15.3) | 3.34 (0.73, 15.2) | 5.74 (1.67, 19.7) | |||
| NRTIs use (mo) | ||||||
| ≤6 (N=123) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 6.1–18 (N=15) | 1.48 (0.47, 4.68) | 4.88 (1.08, 22.0) | 0.60 (0.13, 2.85) | |||
| >18 (N=38) | 2.16 (1.01, 4.62) | 4.40 (1.38, 14.0) | 1.22 (0.51, 2.90) | |||
| NNRTIs use (mo) | ||||||
| ≤6 (N=150) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 6.1–18 (N=4) | 9.16 (0.95, 90.8) | 6.81 (0.63, 74.1) | 4.00 (0.54, 29.6) | |||
| >18 (N=22) | 3.67 (1.46, 9.18) | 11.7 (3.68, 37.0) | 0.89 (0.28, 2.82) | |||
| PI use (mo) | ||||||
| ≤6 (N=125) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 6.1–18 (N=18) | 1.17 (0.39, 3.53) | not estimable | 1.71(0.55, 5.26) | |||
| >18 (N=33) | 2.85 (1.29, 6.32) | 4.68 (1.60, 13.7) | 1.42 (0.57, 3.55) | |||
| ART exposure (mo) | ||||||
| ≤6 (N=96) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 6.1–18 (N=23) | 0.88 (0.22, 3.47) | 0.71 (0.16, 3.23) | not estimable | not estimable | 1.04 (0.26, 4.14) | |
| >18 (N=57) | 2.52 (1.24, 5.09) | 2.20 (1.01, 4.79) | 7.61 (1.67, 34.7) | 7.61 (1.67, 34.7) | 1.34 (0.62, 2.89) | |
*
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; CD4 = CD4 cell count; hsCRP = high sensitivity C reactive protein; BP = blood pressure; Glucose = fasting glucose; BMI = body mass index; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Framingham score = Framingham risk score; NRTIs = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs = protease inhibitors; ART = antiretroviral therapy.