TABLE 2.
Results of Multilevel Logistic Regression of Intimate Partner Violence Reported by Low-Income Pregnant Women: Perinatal Emphasis Research Center Project, Jefferson County, Alabama, 1997-2001
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Coefficient (SE) |
P | OR (95% CI) or Coefficient (SE) |
P | OR (95% CI) or Coefficient (SE) |
P |
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Violence, mean | ||||||
| Intercept | 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) | <.001 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | <.001 | ||
| Concentrated disadvantage | 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) | .248 | ||||
| Residential stabilitya | 4.29 (1.13, 16.33) | .035 | ||||
| Violent crime | 17.80 (0.01, ∞) | .517 | ||||
| Performed most of housework | 1.42 (1.08, 1.87) | .011 | 1.46 (1.11, 1.92) | .007 | ||
| Unmarried | 1.41 (0.95, 2.12) | .093 | 1.45 (0.97, 2.18) | .071 | ||
| Use of welfare | 1.77 (1.35, 2.33) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.37, 2.36) | <.001 | ||
| Age, y | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | .048 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | .049 | ||
| Age at first vaginal intercourse, y | 0.81 (0.75, 0.88) | <.001 | 0.81 (0.74, 0.88) | <.001 | ||
| Masteryb | 0.90 (0.87, 0.92) | <.001 | 0.89 (0.87, 0.92) | <.001 | ||
| No paying job | 0.65 (0.48, 0.89) | .006 | 0.65 (0.47, 0.88) | .006 | ||
| Years of education | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | .715 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | .693 | ||
| Use of alcohol | 2.54 (1.38, 4.68) | .003 | 2.55 (1.38, 4.70) | .003 | ||
| African American | 0.52 (0.37, 0.75) | <.001 | 0.57 (0.38, 0.85) | .006 | ||
| Random effects | ||||||
| Variance components | ||||||
| Intercept | 0.154 (0.087) | .039 | 0.158 (0.091) | .041 | 0.129 (0.087) | .068 |
| Years of education slope | 0.047 (0.023) | .043 | 0.060 (0.033) | .034 | ||
| Use of alcohol slope | 2.340 (1.021) | .011 | 2.328 (1.025) | .012 | ||
| Age at first vaginal intercourse slope |
0.047 (0.023) | .020 | 0.050 (0.024) | .018 | ||
Notes. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. The neighborhood variables in fixed effects were indented to explain the variations in intimate partner violence across neighborhoods.
Residential stability was operationalized as the proportion of households residing in the same residence for at least 5 years.
Mastery is the perception of oneself as an effective person and was assessed by women’s responses to “I have little control over the things that happen to me. There is little I can do to change many of the important things in my life. I often feel helpless in dealing with the problems of life. There is really no way I can solve some of the problems I have.”