Human growth hormone (hGH) |
Rice suspension cells |
57 mg l−1
|
The biological activity of shGH accumulated in the transgenic rice cell suspension culture was similar to that of the E. coli-derived recombinant hGH, as shown by proliferation of Nb2 node lymphoma cells |
[88] |
Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) |
Tomato leaf and fruit |
2.7-7.3 and 1-3.4 μg g−1 FW |
Biologically active in vitro. The plant-produced mIL-12 induced the secretion of IFNγ by T cells |
[89] |
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) |
Tobacco |
0.09-0.3% TSP |
Plant-produced hEGF significantly stimulated Vero E6 cell expansion and proliferation similar to commercial hEGF products |
[90] |
Human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) |
Soybean |
2.3% TSP |
Mitogenic assay demonstrated that bFGF stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells to proliferate in a dose-dependent manner, indicting similar biological activity as native bFGF |
[91] |
Human acid β-glucosidase |
Tobacco seeds |
Not reported |
Plant-derived GCase was taken up by fibroblasts of a Gaucher Type-II patient and lacks potentially immunogenic glycans |
[33] |
Human glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCD) |
Carrot cells |
Not reported |
Recombinant GCD in transgenic plant cells is biologically active. Phase I clinical trial have shown that no clinical or laboratory evidence of any significant innate or humoral immune reactions; and phase III clinical trial is currently ongoing |
[8] |
Human cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) |
Sugarcane |
Undetectable-0.02% TSP |
Human bone marrow cells (TF-1), which require GM-CSF for cell division, proliferated when growth media was supplemented with transgenic sugarcane extracts and had identical activity levels |
[92] |
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) |
Rice |
1.2-1.3% TSP |
Rice seed-derived hGMCSF induces proliferation of TF-1 cells similar to E. coli-derived hGM-CSF |
[93] |
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)1 |
Tobacco |
0.02-1.92% TSP |
Plant-derived M-CSFsR inhibits colony formation of J6-1 cells |
[94] |
Human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) |
Rice suspension cells |
0.7% TSP |
Plant-derived hG-CSF supports proliferation of the AML-193 cells similar to commercial E. coli-derived hG-CSF |
[95] |
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) |
Tobacco |
0.02% TSP |
Application of hBMP2 to mouse C2C12 cell line significantly increased cell ALP activity but lower than commercial rhBMP2 |
[96] |
Human a-1-antitrypsin |
Tomato |
0.44-1.55% TSP |
Biologically active, showing high specific activity and efficient inhibition of elastase activity |
[97] |
Human IA-2 (IA-2ic), a diabetes-associated autoantigen |
Tobacco (Transient) |
0.5% TSP |
Plant-derived IA-2ic protein is specifically recognized by human IA-2ic autoantibodies |
[35] |
Human fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform b(FGF8b) |
Tobacco (Transient) |
90-150 μg g−1 FW |
Plant-expressed FGF8b effectively increased the rate of cell proliferation of NIH3T3 as bacterially expressed mouse FGF8b |
[36] |