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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Public Health Nutr. 2019 Mar 8;22(9):1624–1634. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000132

Table 3-.

Adjusted§ means of affordability characteristics by racial segregation and corporate status

RACIAL SEGREGATION § CORPORATE STATUS§
N* White Dominant Racially Mixed POC Dominant Corporate/ Franchise Independently Owned

Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI)

Most Offered Fresh Fruit
 Bananas (USD, $ per item) 64 0.51 (0.46.–0.55) 0.45 (0.41–0.49) 0.52 (0.44–0.61) 0.55 (0.50–0.60)d 0.44 (0.39–0.49)e
 Apples (USD, $ per item) 56 0.92 (0.83–1.01) 0.84 (0.75–0.93) 0.83 (0.67–1.00) 0.84 (0.75–0.92) 0.89 (0.80–0.99)
 Oranges (USD, $ per item) 47 0.94 (0.76–1.11) 0.84 (0.67–1.01) 1.25 (1.00–1.52) 0.88 (0.77–0.99) 0.92 (0.80–1.04)
Most Offered Fresh Vegetables
 Onions (USD, $ per item) 25 0.67 (0.38–0.96) 0.70 (0.41–0.99) 0.68 (0.13–1.22) 0.79 (0.28–1.30) 0.58 (0.39–0.77)
 Tomatoes (USD, $ per item) 18 1.06 (0.52–1.60) 1.30 (0.68–1.93) 0.79 (0.00–1.60) 1.32 (0.48–2.15) 0.79 (0.40–1.18)
 Lettuce (USD, $ per item) 15 3.31 (2.71–3.90) 3.37 (2.48–4.27) 3.21 (1.47–4.94) 4.51 (3.30–5.73)d 2.08 (1.44–2.71)e

Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI)

Perceived Difficulty to Reduce Pricing on Healthier Snacks (range: 1–5) 73* 3.5 (3.0–4.0) 3.2 (2.7–3.8) 3.8 (3.0–4.6) 3.9 (3.4–4.4)d 3.1 (2.7–3.6)e

POC, people of color.

§

Models are mutually adjusted for racial segregation and corporate status.

Different superscripts distinguish significant differences (P ≤0.05) among corporate status categories (d,e). There were no significant differences among racial segregation categories.

Sample size varies based on data source of either manager self-report survey data (*) or observational store data (no asterisks); sample size for observational data also varies based on availability of produce in stores.