Table 1.
Comparison of OWLH and HIV-seronegative women
| Range | HIV+ (N=386) | HIV− (N=137) | Total (N=523) | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) or M +/−SD | N (%) or M +/−SD | N (%) or M +/−SD | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, years | 50–81 | 56.55 | +/− 5.27 | 57.16 | +/− 5.17 | 56.71 | +/− 5.25 | 0.24 |
| Race, African American | 285 | (73.8%) | 101 | (73.7%) | 386 | (73.8%) | 0.98 | |
| Annual income $6,000 or lower | 32 | (8.4%) | 24 | (17.5%) | 56 | (10.8%) | 0.003 | |
| Education, high school or less | 148 | (38.0%) | 52 | (38.3) | 200 | (38.2%) | 0.94 | |
| Employed, full-time or part-time | 116 | (30.1%) | 39 | (28.5%) | 155 | (29.6%) | 0.73 | |
| Married or partnered | 84 | (21.8%) | 26 | (19.0%) | 110 | (21.0%) | 0.49 | |
| Lives in own home | 338 | (87.6%) | 102 | (74.5%) | 440 | (84.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Has health insurance | 381 | (98.7%) | 115 | (83.9%) | 496 | (94.8%) | <0.001 | |
| HIV disease characteristics | ||||||||
| On ART | 362 | (93.8%) | ||||||
| History of AIDS | 136 | (35.2%) | ||||||
| Undetectable plasma viral load | 278 | (73.4%) | ||||||
| CD4 cells count, median [IQR] | 750 | [538; 1051] | ||||||
| Nadir CD4 cell count, median [IQR] | 252.5 | [114; 369] | ||||||
| Self-rated successful aging | ||||||||
| Subjective rating of successful aging | 2–10 | 8.12 | +/− 1.73 | 7.9 | +/− 1.8 | 8.06 | +/−1.73 | 0.2 |
| Aging well | 1–4 | 3.41 | +/− 0.66 | 3.3 | +/− 0.75 | 3.38 | +/− 0.69 | 0.1 |
| Life these days | 1–10 | 8.1 | +/− 1.54 | 7.85 | +/− 1.67 | 8.01 | +/− 1.58 | 0.16 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 106 | (27.5%) | 50 | (36.5%) | 156 | (29.8%) | 0.05 | |
| Obesity (BMI≥30) | 195 | (50.5%) | 84 | (61.3%) | 279 | (53.3%) | 0.03 | |
| History of hypertension | 335 | (86.8%) | 126 | (92.0%) | 461 | (88.1%) | 0.11 | |
| Stroke | 21 | (5.4%) | 11 | (8.0%) | 32 | (6.1%) | 0.28 | |
| Any substance use* | 174 | (45.1%) | 89 | (65.0%) | 263 | (50.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Currently smoking | 147 | (38.1%) | 73 | (53.3%) | 220 | (42.1%) | 0.002 | |
| Alcohol consumption > 7 drinks/week | 20 | (5.2%) | 27 | (19.7%) | 47 | (9.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Non-IV drug use, past 6 months | 72 | (18.7%) | 39 | (28.5%) | 111 | (21.2%) | 0.02 | |
| Positive psychosocial characteristics | ||||||||
| Personal mastery | 9–28 | 21.68 | +/− 3.54 | 21.55 | +/− 3.61 | 21.65 | +/− 3.56 | 0.72 |
| Optimism | 17–50 | 38.97 | +/− 5.96 | 37.41 | +/− 6.94 | 38.56 | +/− 6.26 | 0.01 |
| Resilience | 2–40 | 28.96 | +/− 7.1 | 28.19 | +/− 8.03 | 28.76 | +/− 7.36 | 0.3 |
| Spirituality | 2–40 | 33.88 | +/− 6.95 | 32.87 | +/− 7.68 | 33.62 | +/− 7.15 | 0.16 |
| Social support | 14–70 | 56.3 | +/− 13.46 | 54.17 | +/− 14.97 | 55.76 | +/− 13.88 | 0.13 |
| Coping | 0–100 | 72.5 | +/− 23.43 | 67.98 | +/− 23.89 | 71.32 | +/− 23.61 | 0.06 |
| Health-related quality of life | 0–100 | 69 | +/− 20.12 | 64.6 | +/− 22.29 | 67.8 | +/− 20.78 | 0.03 |
| Mental health & traumatic events | ||||||||
| Depressive symptomatology (CES-D>16) | 91 | (23.6%) | 43 | (31.4%) | 134 | (25.6%) | 0.07 | |
| Anxiety | 0–21 | 4.02 | +/− 5.51 | 4.98 | +/− 5.45 | 4.26 | +/− 5.50 | 0.09 |
| Loneliness | 3–9 | 4.2 | +/− 1.68 | 4.3 | +/−1.68 | 4.2 | +/−1.68 | 0.51 |
| History of child sexual abuse | 59 | (16.9%) | 23 | (19.0%) | 82 | (17.4%) | 0.6 | |
| History of incarceration | 145 | (37.6%) | 56 | (40.9%) | 201 | (38.4%) | 0.5 | |
| History of intimate partner violence | 132 | (34.8%) | 62 | (45.9%) | 194 | (37.7%) | 0.02 | |
| History of lifetime discrimination | 0–5 | 0.5 | +/− 0.92 | 0.88 | +/− 1.13 | 0.6 | +/− 0.99 | <0.001 |
*
Participant was currently smoking, or consumed >7 alcohol drinks per week, or reported non-IV drug use (past 6 mo.)
The following variables had different denominators: undetectable plasma viral load (N=379), history of child sexual abuse (N=470), and history of intimate partner violence (N=514).