Table 4d.
Mean annualized change in the standardized rate x1000* of cognitive decline over a median follow-up of 11.8 years, across quartiles of total and 6 classes of flavonoid intake: Verbal learning cognitive domain†
| Flavonoid quartiles | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||||
| Flavonoid class | Mean | (95% CIs) | Mean | (95% CIs) | Mean | (95% CIs) | Mean | (95% CIs) | P-trend‡ |
| Total flavonoids§ | −11.3 | (−20.5,−2.1) | −18.5 | (−26.9,−10.0) | −12.7 | (−21.3,−4.0) | −7.3 | (−15.9,1.3) | 0.23 |
| Flavonols | −18.7 | (−27.7,−9.7) | −15.2 | (−23.7,−6.7) | −10.1 | (−18.7,−1.5) | −6.1 | (−14.7,2.5) | 0.04 |
| Flavones | −11.8 | (−20.7,−2.9) | −13.5 | (−21.9,−5.1) | −13.5 | (−22.1,−5.0) | −10.8 | (−19.6,−2.0) | 0.84 |
| Flavanones | −11.8 | (−20.6,−3.1) | −12.8 | (−21.3,−4.4) | −12.5 | (−20.9,−4.0) | −12.6 | (−21.6,−3.6) | 0.93 |
| Flavan-3-ols | −17.2 | (−26.1,−8.2) | −12.1 | (−20.6,−3.6) | −12.7 | (−21.3,−4.2) | −8.0 | (−16.6,0.6) | 0.21 |
| Anthocyanins | −10.5 | (−19.8,−1.2) | −15.1 | (−23.8,−6.5) | −9.5 | (−18.0,−1.0) | −14.3 | (−22.6,−6.0) | 0.73 |
| Flavonoid polymers | −10.6 | (−19.8,−1.3) | −19.2 | (−27.6,−10.7) | −11.5 | (−20.0,−3.0) | −8.3 | (−16.9,0.2) | 0.32 |
All values are mean least squares annualized change in the verbal learning cognitive domain score multiplied by 1000; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in parentheses.
Of the total 2672 observations, there was 2571 complete data for the verbal learning cognitive domain.
P values for the test of linear trend across quartile categories were based on linear regression models with the median intake of each quartile category assigned to individuals with intake in that category, and this quartile median variable was used as a continuous measure in regression models.
Adjusted for age, sex, education, total energy intake, Apolipoprotein E ε4, and verbal learning score at the beginning of the exam interval (model 1).