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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Sep 28;76(21):4179–4201. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03212-3

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

A variety of extrinsic factors can damage healthy tissue, resulting in epithelial cell death/apoptosis, local inflammation, and activation of mesenchymal cells (e.g., Fibs). Under physiological conditions, homeostatic repair processes restore healthy tissue. When repair processes fail, Fibs/MFibs become aberrantly and persistently activated, leading to deposition of excess ECM and impaired tissue function.