. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Sep 28;76(21):4179–4201. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03212-3

Table 4:

Negative regulators of MF differentiation

Soluble mediators	Key signaling pathway	Tissue/cells	References
PGE₂	activates cAMP/PKA	Fibs	[216]
FGF-2	activates PI3K & ERK1/2	Fibs	[25]
Interferon (IFN)-γ	activates Jak/STAT 1	Fibs	[217]
Transcriptional regulators
PPARγ	inhibits MAP kinases	MFibs	[218–220]
F0X03	inhibits R-SMADs activation	MFibs	[25,221]
PTEN	inhibits PI3K	MFibs of lung	[47,222]
Smad7	inhibits R-SMADs	MFibs of lung	[223]
Krupple-like factor (KLF) 15	inhibits R-SMADs	MFibs of heart, MFibs of kidney	[224,225]