Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

	HC (n = 19)	Total MS (n = 30)	RRMS (n = 23)	PMS (n = 7)	MS vs HCa	RRMS vs PMS
					p-value	p-value
Age, y, mean ± SD 43	39.9±11.4 [23-61]	43.9 ± 11.2 [23-60]	42.6 ± 10.6 [23-58]	48.1 ± 12.8 [26-60]	0.81b	0.32b
Female, n (%)	10 (53%)	24 (80%)	19 (83%)	5 (71%)	0.043c	0.52c
Disease duration, y, mean ± SD 43	N/A	10.8 ± 6.7 [1-23]	10.3 ± 6.7 [1-23]	12.3 ± 6.9 [4-23]	N/A	0.52b
Disease modifying therapy, n (%)	N/A	26 (87%)	21 (91%)	5 (71%)	N/A	0.27c
Dimethyl fumarate		8	8	0
Glatiramer acetate		6	6	0
β-interferons		4	3	2
Fingolimod		3	2	1
Natalizumab		2	2	0
Rituximab		2	0	2
Ocrelizumab		1	1	0
None		4	2	2
EDSS score, mean ± SD 43	N/A	3.0 ± 1.9 [1-7.5]	2.1 ± 0.8 [1-3.5]	5.8 ± 1.6 [3-7.5]	N/A	<0.001d
MSFC-3, mean ± SD43	N/A	−0.54 ± 2.06 [−6.21–1.08]	0.30 ± 0.52 [−0.80-1.08]	−3.29 ± 2.82 [−6.21–−0.05]	N/A	0.002d

HC = healthy control; MS = multiple sclerosis; RRMS = relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; PMS = progressive multiple sclerosis; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; MSFC-3 = Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite.

^aentire MS sample

^bStudent’s t-test

^cχ²-test

^dWilcoxon rank-sum test