. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: JACC CardioOncol. 2019 Dec 17;1(2):238–251. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2019.11.009

Table 1.

Cancer treatments associated with the development and exacerbation of hypertension

Treatment	Mechanism(s) of blood pressure elevation
Chemotherapeutic agents
Anti-VEGF therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Increased vascular resistance Reduced nitric oxide production (14) Reduced angiogenesis (15) Impaired natriuresis (16) Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction (17) Thrombotic microangiopathy (18)
Alkylating and alkyl-like agents Cyclophosphamide Ifosphamide Cisplatin	Vascular endothelial injury (24) Nephrotoxicity (31,32) Nephrotoxicity (33) and vascular endothelial injury (34)
Vinblastine	Vascular endothelial injury (in vitro) (35)
Gemcitabine	Thrombotic microangiopathy (37) Vascular endothelial injury (in vitro) (38)
Radiation
Abdominal radiation	Renal artery stenosis (41)
Head and neck radiation	Baroreflex failure (42,43)
Adjuvant therapies
Erythropoietin stimulating agents	Increased erythrocyte mass Altered response to endogenous vasodilators and vasopressors (44)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Impaired natriuresis due to reduction in prostaglandin synthesis (45)
Corticosteroids	Sodium retention due to mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation (46)
Calcineurin Inhibitors	Systemic and renal vasoconstriction (47)

VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor