Table 2.
Adjusteda ORs and 95% CIs for the association between proximity to roadway, PM2.5 exposure, neighborhood deprivation, and ASD
| ASD (N) | Controls (N) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distance to major road | |||
| >45 m | 582 | 767 | 1.00 (ref) |
| ≤ 45 m | 92 | 88 | 1.21 (0.88, 1.68) |
| Pregnancy PM2.5 | |||
| 5-μg/m3 increase | 674 | 855 | 1.08 (0.67, 1.72) |
| ≤ 12.0 μg/m3 | 238 | 309 | 1.00 (ref) |
| >12.0 μg/m3 | 436 | 546 | 0.83 (0.57, 1.20) |
| First year of life PM2.5 | |||
| 5-μg/m3 increase | 674 | 855 | 2.08 (1.05, 4.10) |
| ≤ 12.0 μg/m3 | 226 | 318 | 1.00 (ref) |
| >12.0 μg/m3 | 448 | 537 | 1.46 (0.86, 2.46) |
a
All models are adjusted for study site, year of birth, month of birth, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and maternal smoking.