Table 1:
Demographics, MetS components and neuroanatomical characteristics of participants
| [Female] | Total Control (SD) n = 104 [59] |
Total MetS (SD) n = 104 [59] |
p | Young Control (SD) n = 52 [23] |
Young MetS (SD) n = 52 [23] |
p | Old Control (SD) n = 52 [22] |
Old MetS (SD) n = 52 [22] |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 37.3 (13.2) | 37.3 (13.2) | 0.996 | 26.4 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.6) | 0.932 | 48.1 (9.6) | 48.1 (9.8) | 0.976 |
| Education (years) | 12.2 (2.7) | 12.3 (2.6) | 0.872 | 12.7 (1.8) | 12.4 (2.0) | 0.486 | 11.7 (3.4) | 12.1 (3.2) | 0.550 |
| MetS Components | |||||||||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 84.1 (11.2) | 110.0 (11.2) | <0.001* | 80.3 (9.1) | 110.4 (12.1) | <0.001* | 87.9 (11.9) | 109.6 (10.4) | <0.001* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) † |
87.8 (31.5) | 223.2 (95.6) | <0.001* | 85.5 (35.1) | 220.0 (87.7) | <0.001* | 90.0 (27.7) | 226.5 (103.8) | <0.001* |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 61.8 (15.4) | 38.8 (8.8) | <0.001* | 60.1 (14.5) | 38.3 (8.7) | <0.001* | 63.5 (16.2) | 39.3 (9.0) | <0.001* |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dl) | 86.3 (7.5) | 119.8 (55.1) | <0.001* | 86.3 (6.8) | 104.7 (49.2) | 0.010* | 86.3 (8.3) | 134.9 (56.9) | <0.001* |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)a | 113.4 (15.2) | 126.7 (17.3) | <0.001* | 113.1 (15.17) | 123.8 (14.1) | <0.001* | 113.8 (15.4) | 129.5 (19.8) | <0.001* |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) a | 69.3 (10.9) | 77.4 (11.3) | <0.001* | 68.9 (10.6) | 76.7 (10.3) | <0.001* | 69.8 (11.2) | 78.0 (12.4) | 0.001* |
| IDF Score | 0.57 (0.63) | 4.11 (0.72) | <0.001* | 0.37 (0.60) | 3.75 (0.65) | <0.001* | 0.77 (0.61) | 4.46 (0.61) | <0.001* |
| NCEP-ATP III Score | 0.24 (0.49) | 3.60 (0.90) | <0.001* | 0.15 (0.41) | 3.40 (0.72) | <0.001* | 0.33 (0.55) | 3.79 (1.02) | <0.001* |
| Composite MetS Score | 0.40 (0.51) | 3.85 (0.74) | <0.001* | 0.23 (0.46) | 3.58 (0.64) | <0.001* | 0.55 (0.53) | 4.13 (0.74) | <0.001* |
| Other Lipid Measures of Interest | |||||||||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 174.4 (31.7) | 202.5 (45.3) | <0.001* | 167.9 (30.8) | 197.0 (42.1) | <0.001* | 180.8 (31.6) | 208.0 (48.0) | 0.001* |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 95.0 (28.3) | 119.2 (40.3) | <0.001* | 90.7 (28.0) | 114.5 (37.8) | <0.001* | 99.3 (28.2) | 123.9 (42.6) | 0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (3.8) | 34.5 (5.5) | <0.001* | 23.3 (3.5) | 34.7 (5.6) | <0.001* | 25.4 (3.9) | 34.2 (5.5) | <0.001* |
| Whole Brain Gray and White Matter Measures derived from VBM | |||||||||
| Average Gray Matter Density | 0.482 (0.028) | 0.474 (0.032) | 0.072 | 0.495 (0.018) | 0.493 (0.019) | 0.445 | 0.468 (0.030) | 0.456 (0.032) | 0.045* |
| Average White Matter Density | 0.378 (0.013) | 0.373 (0.014) | 0.008* | 0.370 (0.010) | 0.365 (0.016) | 0.413 | 0.372 (0.007) | 0.374 (0.019) | 0.012* |
SD, standard deviation; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; NCEP-ATP III, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Plan III; LDL, low density lipoprotein; BMI, body mass index; VBM, voxel-based morphometry.
*
Two-sample t-test of group differences reported as significant p-value ≤ 0.05.
†
Excludes outliers with TG values > 500 mg/dl
a
BP values obtained were generated in part by full-information maximum likelihood statistical modeling.