Table 3.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cardiovascular outcomes by income category and adjusted for covariates in cohort with AF

	Income
	<$40K	$40–59K	$60–74K	$75–99K	≥$100K	p-value for trend
Heart Failure*
Model 1	1.41 (1.28, 1.55)	1.30 (1.17, 1.44)	1.22 (1.08, 1.38)	1.18 (1.05, 1.33)	1 (ref)	<0.0001
Model 2	1.19 (1.07, 1.32)	1.14 (1.02, 1.28)	1.11 (0.98, 1.26)	1.10 (0.97, 1.24)	1 (ref)	0.03
Model 3	1.17 (1.05, 1.30)	1.13 (1.01, 1.26)	1.10 (0.97, 1.25)	1.09 (0.97, 1.23)	1 (ref)	0.05
Myocardial Infarction†
Model 1	1.35 (1.14, 1.60)	1.28 (1.07, 1.54)	1.18 (0.95, 1.46)	1.10 (0.89, 1.36)	1 (ref)	0.005
Model 2	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)	1.16 (0.96, 1.41)	1.09 (0.87, 1.36)	1.05 (0.85, 1.30)	1 (ref)	0.42
Model 3	1.18 (0.98, 1.41)	1.15 (0.95, 1.40)	1.09 (0.87, 1.36)	1.05 (0.84, 1.30)	1 (ref)	0.46
Ischemic stroke‡
Model 1	1.06 (0.95, 1.18)	0.97 (0.86, 1.1)	0.99 (0.86, 1.14)	1.00 (0.87, 1.15)	1 (ref)	0.36
Model 2	0.98 (0.87, 1.11)	0.92 (0.81, 1.04)	0.95 (0.82, 1.09)	0.97 (0.84, 1.11)	1 (ref)	0.62
Model 3	0.99 (0.88, 1.12)	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)	0.95 (0.82, 1.1)	0.97 (0.84, 1.12)	1 (ref)	0.61

^*Prevalent heart failure was excluded from Model 3 when calculating incident heart failure

^†Prevalent coronary heart disease was excluded from Model 3 when calculating incident myocardial infarction

^‡Prevalent ischemic stroke was excluded from Model 3 when calculating incident ischemic stroke

Model 1 adjusted for baseline age, sex, and race.

Model 2 adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education, hypertension, diabetes, and prevalent ischemic stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, and prevalent heart failure.

Model 3 adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education, hypertension, diabetes, prevalent ischemic stroke, prevalent coronary heart disease, prevalent heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and oral anticoagulant use.