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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 25.

Published in final edited form as: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020 Apr 8;44(5):1046–1060. doi: 10.1111/acer.14326

Fig 5. — DHM reduces serum ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in mice administered 3.5g/kg ethanol, reverses chronic ethanol-mediation depletion of hepatic NAD⁺ levels, and induces hepatic ADH1/ALDH2. Serum A) ethanol and B) acetaldehyde concentration differences measured in 16-week old mice injected with 3.5 g/kg ethanol and DHM (5 or 10 mg/kg) 45 minutes after injections (*p<0.05 and **p<0.01; n=6/group, 2-way ANOVA). C) Mice chronically fed ethanol for 8-weeks show significantly less NAD⁺ concentrations in the liver than water-fed controls (*p<0.05; n=6/group; 2-way ANOVA). Mice administered DHM at both 5 and 10 mg/kg showed elevated NAD⁺ concentrations relative to ethanol-fed controls and water-fed controls (*p<0.05, compared to ethanol controls and †, *p<0.05, compared to water-fed controls). D) Hepatic NAD⁺/NADH ratio showing a significant increase in the ratio of mice treated with 10 mg/kg DHM (*p<0.05). E) Representative Western blot images of hepatic expression of ADH1 and ALDH2 in C57BL/6J mice chronically fed ethanol and either treated with or without DHM. Data represented as mean ± SEM. E = ethanol, D5 = 5 mg/kg DHM, and D10 = 10 mg/kg DHM.

Fig 5. — DHM reduces serum ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in mice administered 3.5g/kg ethanol, reverses chronic ethanol-mediation depletion of hepatic NAD⁺ levels, and induces hepatic ADH1/ALDH2. Serum A) ethanol and B) acetaldehyde concentration differences measured in 16-week old mice injected with 3.5 g/kg ethanol and DHM (5 or 10 mg/kg) 45 minutes after injections (*p<0.05 and **p<0.01; n=6/group, 2-way ANOVA). C) Mice chronically fed ethanol for 8-weeks show significantly less NAD⁺ concentrations in the liver than water-fed controls (*p<0.05; n=6/group; 2-way ANOVA). Mice administered DHM at both 5 and 10 mg/kg showed elevated NAD⁺ concentrations relative to ethanol-fed controls and water-fed controls (*p<0.05, compared to ethanol controls and †, *p<0.05, compared to water-fed controls). D) Hepatic NAD⁺/NADH ratio showing a significant increase in the ratio of mice treated with 10 mg/kg DHM (*p<0.05). E) Representative Western blot images of hepatic expression of ADH1 and ALDH2 in C57BL/6J mice chronically fed ethanol and either treated with or without DHM. Data represented as mean ± SEM. E = ethanol, D5 = 5 mg/kg DHM, and D10 = 10 mg/kg DHM.