. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 21.

Published in final edited form as: JAMA. 2020 Apr 21;323(15):1467–1477. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2998

Table 2.

Continuous pulse oximetry use in patients with bronchiolitis not receiving any supplemental oxygen or nasal cannula flow.

				Unadjusted				Adjusted^b
Variable	Total, n	Continuously monitored with pulse oximetry, n	Continuously monitored with pulse oximetry, %	OR for use of continuous pulse oximetry	95% CI	Category P value	Composite P value^a	OR for use of continuous pulse oximetry	95% CI	Category P value	Composite P value^a
Overall(n=56 hospitals)	3612	1679	46	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Age and gestational age category^c
8 weeks through 5 months, preterm	183	103	56	1.78	1.12–2.83	.02	.11	2.58	1.65–4.02	<.001	<.001
8 weeks through 5 months, not preterm	1559	758	49	1.31	1.03–1.66	.03		1.51	1.12–2.03	.007
6 months through 11 months, preterm	107	47	44	1.08	0.74–1.59	.68		1.21	0.72–2.05	.48
6 months through 11 months, not preterm	894	402	45	1.13	0.89–1.43	.31		1.26	0.93–1.73	.14
12 months through 17 months, preterm	48	20	42	0.99	0.52–1.86	.97		0.77	0.38–1.58	.48
12 months through 17 months, not preterm	512	219	43	1.03	0.74–1.45	.85		1.01	0.72–1.42	.95
18 months through 23 months, preterm	23	10	43	1.06	0.46–2.47	.89		0.50	0.18–1.37	.18
18 months through 23 months, not preterm	286	120	42	[reference]				[reference]
Sex
Male	2125	977	46	[reference]			.52	Not included^b
Female	1485	702	47	1.05	0.90–1.23	.52	.52	Not included^b
Race^d
White	2034	938	46	[reference]			.61	Not included^b
Other	1025	502	49	1.12	0.82–1.53	.47
Black or African American	553	239	43	0.90	0.62–1.28	.53
Ethnicity^d
Not Hispanic or Latino	2454	1088	44	[reference]			.11	Not included^b
Hispanic or Latino	766	410	54	1.45	1.05–1.98	.02
Unknown	259	123	48	1.14	0.77–1.68	.53
Other	133	58	44	0.97	0.62–1.51	.90
Time since weaning from supplemental oxygen or flow^e
Never received	1190	442	37	[reference]			<.001	[reference]			<.001
Off < 1 hr	80	59	74	4.75	1.90–11.93	.001		5.01	2.76–9.07	<.001
Off 1 - < 2 hrs	148	108	73	4.57	2.50–8.35	<.001		5.97	3.84–9.30	<.001
Off 2 - < 4 hrs	244	166	68	3.60	2.31–5.61	<.001		5.55	3.91–7.89	<.001
Off 4 - < 6 hrs	234	135	58	2.31	1.49–3.58	<.001		2.96	2.13–4.13	<.001
Off 6 - < 12 hrs	505	276	55	2.04	1.42–2.93	<.001		2.12	1.65–2.72	<.001
Off 12 - < 24 hrs	687	302	44	1.33	0.98–1.80	.07		1.16	0.93–1.45	.20
Off 24 hrs +	499	179	36	0.95	0.68-1-31	.74		0.75	0.58–0.97	.03
Intensive care unit stay during present hospitalization
Yes	884	424	48	1.08	0.84–1.39	.54	.54	Not included^b
No	2728	1255	46	[reference]			.54	Not included^b
Apnea or cyanosis^f
Yes	235	128	54	1.41	1.07–1.86	.02	.02	1.40	1.01–1.93	.04	.04
No	3377	1551	46	[reference]			.02	[reference]			.04
Comorbid condition associated with neurologic impairment^g
Yes	93	51	55	1.41	0.96–2.06	.08	.08	1.50	0.93–2.43	.10	.10
No	3519	1628	46	[reference]			.08	[reference]			.10
Enteral feeding tube in place^h
Yes	305	176	58	1.64	1.23–2.17	<.001	<.001	1.98	1.46–2.67	<.001	<.001
No	3307	1503	45	[reference]			<.001	[reference]			<.001
Hospital type
Freestanding (n=33)	2667	1198	45	[reference]			.58	Not included^b
Children’s hospital within hospital (n=14)	591	317	54	1.42	0.74–2.73	.29
Community (n=9)	354	164	46	1.06	0.55–2.02	.86
Time of day observation performed
Day (10AM - 5PM)	2073	870	42	[reference]			<.001	[reference]			<.001
Night (11PM - 7AM)	1539	809	53	1.53	1.27–1.85	<.001	<.001	2.07	1.76–2.43	<.001	<.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

In variables with multiple categories, composite P-value obtained using Wald test.

The following variables met the pre-specified criteria (see Methods) to be included in the multivariable model: Age and gestational age category, time since weaning from supplemental oxygen or flow, apnea or cyanosis, comorbid condition associated with neurologic impairment, enteral feeding tube in place, and time of day observation performed. Ethnicity met initial criteria to enter the model based on having a bivariable association composite P value <.2 but was eliminated from the multivariable model for a composite P value of .34.

Not preterm included the following: documented gestational age 34 0/7 weeks and above, or absence of gestational age but documented as full term, or absence of gestational age but not labeled in chart as preterm or premature.

Patient family-reported race and ethnicity were abstracted from charts in categories defined by the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity, in compliance with NIH inclusion reporting policies. In this Table, “Other” race combines all of the following categories: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, specified as more than one race, specified as other, specified as unknown.

Unknown time since weaning (n=25) excluded from Table.

Includes documentation of apnea or cyanosis occurring at home or in hospital during the present illness.

Static encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, epilepsy/seizure disorder, or hypotonia.

Nasogastric or gastrostomy.