Table 2.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal association between the thirds of pulse wave velocity and standardized scores of global cognitive score and individual cognitive domains
| Cognitive domain outcome | Pulse wave velocity | Standardized cognitive score at baseline | Change in standardized cognitive score (per 7 years) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference* (95% CI) | P value | Difference* (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Global cognitive score | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | - | 1.0 (Ref) | - | |
| Middle third | −0.06 (−0.12, −0.01) | 0.03 | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.03) | 0.48 | |
| Highest third | −0.12 (−0.18, −0.06) | <0.001 | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.01) | 0.01 | |
| Memory | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | - | 1.0 (Ref) | - | |
| Middle third | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.28 | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.11) | 0.23 | |
| Highest third | −0.12 (−0.19, −0.05) | <0.001 | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.07) | 0.84 | |
| AH4-I | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | - | 1.0 (Ref) | - | |
| Middle third | −0.06 (−0.12, 0.00) | 0.03 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.52 | |
| Highest third | −0.08 (−0.13, −0.02) | 0.01 | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) | 0.09 | |
| Phonemic fluency | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | - | 1.0 (Ref) | - | |
| Middle third | −0.08 (−0.15, −0.01) | 0.02 | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.04) | 0.45 | |
| Highest third | −0.10 (−0.17, −0.03) | 0.007 | −0.08 (−0.15, −0.01) | 0.03 | |
| Semantic fluency | |||||
| Lowest third | 1.0 (Ref) | - | 1.0 (Ref) | - | |
| Middle third | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.04) | 0.45 | −0.05 (−0.11, 0.00) | 0.06 | |
| Highest third | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.01) | 0.03 | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.00) | 0.06 | |
*
Differences are adjusted for age and sex and their interactions with time and time squared and for ethnicity and employment grade and their interactions with time.