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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2021 Feb 1;162(2):446–458. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002033

Figure 6. Alpha-1-antitrypsin, but not its downstream target neutrophil elastase, partially reverses disulfide HMGB1-induced pain-like behavior in male but not female mice.

Figure 6.

Representative western blot images of (A) alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), neutrophil elastase (ELA2) and GAPDH from protein extracts of lumbar spinal cords of male and female mice injected with disulfide HMGB1 in combination with vehicle (+veh) or minocycline (+mino). Bar graphs depict quantification of (B) A1AT and (C) ELA2 immunopositive bands normalized to GAPDH and presented as percentage change to vehicle control groups. Withdrawal response prior to, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after the first day i.t. injection of disulfide HMGB1 (1 μg/mouse) in combination with either alpha-1-antitrypsin (15 ng/mouse), sivelestat (0.5 ng, neutrophil elastase inhibitor) or vehicle (PBS), and 3 and 6 h after the second day i.t. injection of either alpha-1-antitrypsin (30 ng/mouse), sivelestat (1 ng/mouse) or vehicle in (D) male and (E) female mice. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n=6 mice/group for western blot results and n=5–12 mice/group for behavioral results, *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 vs. control groups.