Table 4.
Distribution of Demographic, Behavioral, and Health Status Factors by Nugent’s BV Status at Baseline and Follow-Up Visits, and Results of Time-Adjusted Univariate Generalized Estimating Equation Analysis.
| Study Visit | Baseline | 1 Month | 6 Month | 12 Month | Time-adjusted Univariate Odds Ratio [95% CI] |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No BV, N=59 n (%) |
BV, N=47 n (%) |
No BV, N=38 n (%) |
BV, N=39 n (%) |
No BV, N=30 n (%) |
BV, N=42 n (%) |
No BV, N=30 n (%) |
BV, N=36 n (%) |
||
| IV-B | 54 (91) | 39 (83) | 34 (89) | 35 (90) | 27 (90) | 30 (71) | 27 (90) | 29 (81) | reference |
| Demographic and Behavioral Factors | |||||||||
| Women | |||||||||
| Median age in years (IQR) (fixed) | 22 (20–25) | 22 (20–25) | 21 (20–27) | 23 (21–26) | 21 (20–23) | 24 (21–26) | 23.5 (21–28) | 22.5 (21–26) | 1.02 (0.96 – 1.08) |
| Post-secondary | 7 (12) | 5 (11) | 7 (18) | 3 (8) | 3 (10)_ | 5 (12) | 6 (20) | 5 (14) | 0.65 (0.30 – 1.40) |
| Two or more sex partners past 6 months | 1 (1.8) | 2 (4.4) | 1 (3.1) | 2 (5.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (5.7) | 1.86 (0.46 – 7.49) |
| 7 or more | 17 (29) | 8 (17) | 16 (42) | 13 (33) | 8 (27) | 18 (43) | 13 (43) | 20 (56) | 1.12 (0.66 – 1.90) |
| How soon clean vagina after sex (< 1 hour vs. 1 hour or more) | 35 (59) | 34 (72) | 23 (68) | 24 (67) | 21 (70) | 28 (67) | 23 (77) | 28 (78) | 0.85 (0.51 – 1.42) |
| Men | |||||||||
| Median age in years (IQR) | 26 (24–30) | 27 (23–30) | 27 (24–31) | 27 (23–31) | 26 (24–30) | 27 (24–32) | 27 (25–30) | 27 (24–32) | 1.00 (0.94 – 1.06) |
| Post-secondary | 11 (19) | 5 (11) | 5 (13) | 5 (13) | 6 (20) | 5 (12) | 6 (20) | 6 (17) | 0.70 (0.32 – 1.52) |
| Two or more sex partners past 6 months | 18 (31) | 15 (33) | 13 (34) | 13 (34) | 4 (13) | 6 (16) | 5 (19) | 9 (32) | 1.13 (0.65 – 1.96) |
| Condom used at last sexual intercourse | 5 (8.5) | 9 (19) | 5 (13.5) | 7 (18) | 3 (10) | 8 (21) | 4 (14) | 6 (21) | 1.85 (0.98 – 3.49)^ |
| Clinical Factors | |||||||||
| Women | |||||||||
| HSV-2 seropositive | 35 (59) | 35 (74) | 20 (53) | 31 (79) | 19 (63) | 28 (67) | 23 (77) | 24 (67) | 1.63 (0.94 – 2.83)^ |
| HIV positive | 6 (10) | 11 (23) | 3 (8.1) | 7 (18) | 1 (3.3) | 11 (27) | 5 (17) | 7 (20) | 2.47 (1.21 – 5.03)* |
| T. vaginalis detected on wet mount | 4 (6.8) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 6 (14) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (5.6) | 2.41 (0.92 – 6.32)^ |
| Previous pregnancy (fixed) | 50 (85) | 40 (85) | 32 (84) | 33 (85) | 25 (83) | 39 (93) | 28 (93) | 31 (86) | 1.02 (0.53 – 1.95) |
| Pregnant (urine HCG positive) | 5 (8.5) | 3 (6.4) | 3 (8.8) | 1 (2.8) | 4 (14) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | 0.70 (0.15 – 3.38) |
| Men | |||||||||
| HSV-2 seropositive | 28 (48) | 22 (47) | 17 (46) | 19 (49) | 18 (60) | 21 (54) | 18 (62) | 18 (62) | 0.94 (0.57 – 1.55) |
| HIV positive | 5 (8.8) | 7 (15) | 3 (8.3) | 8 (21) | 2 (6.7) | 7 (18) | 3 (10) | 6 (21) | 2.18 (0.99 – 4.80)^ |
| Circumcised | 34 (58) | 24 (51) | 25 (68) | 19 (49) | 18 (60) | 15 (41) | 15 (52) | 15 (52) | 0.66 (0.39 – 1.10) |
*
p<0.05;
^
0.05<p-value<0.10
+
This category of contraception includes 39 observations with no contraception, 2 observations with IUD, 11 observations with condoms as main method of contraception, 1 observation of lactation amenorrhea, 1 observation of tubal ligation, and 1 observation emergency pills.
“Fixed” refers to variables that do not change after baseline.