Table 2.
Patient Outcomes and Payment Characteristics
| Patients, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No PND (n = 2 335 473) | With PND (n = 44 974) | P value |
| Index hospitalization outcomes | |||
| Discharged home | 914 925 (39.2) | 9947 (22.1) | <.001 |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SD), d | 4.29 (4.18) | 5.91 (6.01) | <.001 |
| Mortality at 1 y | 103 767 (4.4) | 4580 (10.2) | <.001 |
| Time to death, mean (SD), d | 66.49 (79.98) | 123.61 (84.64) | <.001 |
| PND diagnosesa | |||
| Dementia | NA | 19 459 (43.3) | <.001 |
| Delirium | NA | 38 128 (84.8) | <.001 |
| Mild cognitive impairment | NA | 7999 (17.8) | <.001 |
| Episode payments | |||
| Episode payments, $ | 26 587.18 (17 445.65–43 448.52) | 50 631.71 (31 235.87–81 890.37) | <.001 |
| Inpatient acute payments, $ | 14 985.76 (11 838.94–23 530.12) | 17 484.16 (12 297.97–30 485.68) | <.001 |
| Total postacute care payments | |||
| Postacute care payments, $ | 7149.35 (3053.55–19 167.01) | 26 881.74 (10 544.44–54 497.84) | <.001 |
| Inpatient payments, mean (SD), $ | 11 451.16 (12 392.01) | 14 049.48 (13 746.48) | <.001 |
| Readmission payments, $ | 13 258.03 (8089.49–23 068.84) | 16 380.61 (8933.60–32 506.53) | <.001 |
| Long-term care payments, mean (SD), $ | 39 101.31 (29 270.33) | 40 752.25 (29 510.67) | .04 |
| Skilled nursing facility payments, $ | 10 453.28 (6085.24–17 566.25) | 16 819.52 (9677.44–27 943.74) | <.001 |
| Home health payments, $ | 3219.71 (2523.15–4371.75) | 3846.94 (2717.41–6000.17) | <.001 |
| Hospice payments, $ | 3149.89 (1378.83–8148.33) | 3418.10 (1457.38–7910.59) | .42 |
| Durable medical equipment, $ | 181.13 (69.22–528.39) | 179.39 (66.07–561.48) | .33 |
| Outpatient payments, $ | 878.60 (266.67–2217.12) | 1317.32 (422.31–3290.41) | <.001 |
| Part B payments, $ | 1736.34 (707.10–3616.89) | 3333.00 (1394.89–6726.03) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; PND, postoperative neurocognitive disorder.
a
Nonexclusive categories.