Table.
Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities and Outcomes Among Persons Living with HIV Hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Atlanta, Georgia
| Characteristic, median (Q1-Q3), mean (sd) or n (%) | Data (n=20a) |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, years | 57 (48–62) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 13/20 (65) |
| Female | 6/20 (30) |
| Male-to-female transgender | 1/20 (5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 17/20 (85) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1/20 (5) |
| Non-Hispanic/Multiracial | 1/20 (5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1/20 (5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 (24–31) |
| Medical Facility | |
| Public Safety-net Hospital | 12/20 (60) |
| Tertiary Academic Medical Center | 4/20 (20) |
| Veterans Affairs Medical Center | 4/20 (20) |
| Exposure and Symptom Inventory on Admission | |
| Potential Exposure | |
| No recent travel/known sick contact | 10/20 (50) |
| Known sick contact(s) in the home | 2/20 (10) |
| Recent domestic travel | 1/20 (5) |
| Group living situationb | 5/20 (25) |
| Ongoing work outside the homec | 2/20 (10) |
| Duration of symptoms, days | 5 (3–7) |
| Symptoms reported | |
| Fever | 13/20 (65) |
| Chills | 10/20 (50) |
| Malaise | 12/20 (60) |
| Cough | 18/20 (90) |
| Shortness of breath | 12/20 (60) |
| Chest tightness or pleuritic chest pain | 4/20 (20) |
| Diarrhea | 6/20 (30) |
| Nausea or vomiting | 6/20 (30) |
| Myalgias | 8/20 (40) |
| Headache | 4/20 (20) |
| Sore throat | 3/20 (15) |
| Anosmia | 2/20 (10) |
| Ageusia | 2/20 (10) |
| Vital Signs on Admission | |
| Temperature, °C | 37.9 (37.2–38.7) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths per minutes | 20 (18–21) |
| Oxygen saturation on ambient air, % | 96 (84–97) |
| Oxygen support required | |
| None | 12/20 (60) |
| Nasal cannula | 6/20 (30) |
| Invasive ventilation | 2/20 (10) |
| Laboratory Findings on Admission | |
| White blood cells, K/mcL | 6 (5.3–7.1) |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, K/mcL | 0.98 (0.7–1.4) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/Ld | 208 (173–353) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/Ld | 73 (31–163) |
| Ferritin, ng/mLd | 357 (172–530) |
| D-dimer, ng/mLd | 502 (323–1444) |
| Chest Imaging | |
| Chest radiograph findings on admission | |
| No acute process | 7/20 (35) |
| Bibasilar opacities | 5/20 (25) |
| Diffuse airspace opacities | 3/20 (15) |
| Focal infiltrate | 5/20 (15) |
| Computed tomography of the chest | |
| Not performed during hospitalization | 14/20 (70) |
| Findings of bilateral diffuse GGO | 5/20 (25) |
| Findings of localized GGO and focal infiltrate | 1/20 (5) |
| Treatment | |
| Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 | |
| Supportive care only | 9/20 (45) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 8/20 (40) |
| Hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin | 2/20 (10) |
| Enrolled in remdesivir versus placebo trial | 1/20 (5) |
| Number of days therapy given for SARS-CoV-2 | 5 (5–5) |
| Antibiotics for secondary pneumonia | |
| None | 7/20 (35) |
| Community-acquired coverage | 9/20 (45) |
| Healthcare-associated coverage | 4/20 (20) |
| Number of total antibiotic days for secondary pneumonia | 5 (3–7) |
| Clinical course | |
| Length of hospitalization, dayse | 5 (4–12) |
| Required intensive care | 6/20 (30) |
| Number of intensive care days | 7 (3–13) |
| Highest level of respiratory support needed | |
| None | 9/20 (45) |
| Nasal cannula | 5/20 (25) |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 3/20 (15) |
| Invasive ventilation | 3/20 (15) |
| Pathogen-confirmed secondary infectionf | 5/20 (25) |
| Final disposition | |
| Still hospitalized | 1/20 (5) |
| Home | 13/20 (65) |
| Nursing facility as permanent residence | 1/20 (5) |
| Hotel for those with confirmed COVID-19 | 2/20 (10) |
| Deceased | 3/20 (15) |
| HIV-specific Indices | |
| CD4 count prior to admission, cells/mm3 | 425 (262–815) |
| CD4 percentage prior to admission, % | 29 (21–36) |
| Most recent HIV viral load | |
| <200 copies/ml | 18/20 (90) |
| 200–1000 copies/ml | 1/20 (5) |
| >1000 copies/ml | 1/20 (5) |
| Number of HIV clinic visits attended in past two years | 4.5 (3.25–5) |
| Proportion of visits with HIV virologic suppression in past two years, % | 82.2 (27.2) |
| Prescribed antiretroviral therapy | 20/20 (100) |
| Reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy | 19/20 (95) |
| Antiretroviral therapy class prescribedg | |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | 2/20 (10) |
| Protease inhibitor, boosted | 4/20 (20) |
| Integrase strand transfer inhibitor | 16/20 (80) |
| Non-AIDS Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 14/20 (70) |
| Dyslipidemia | 12/20 (60) |
| Diabetes mellitus, type 2 | 9/20 (45) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6/20 (30) |
| Chronic lung diseaseh | 6/20 (30) |
| Obesity | 6/20 (30) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5/20 (25) |
| Non-AIDS Canceri | 3/20 (15) |
| Psychiatric illness (depression, anxiety) | 8/20 (40) |
| Non-AIDS Comorbidity Burden | |
| Number of prevalent comorbidities per patientJ | |
| 0 | 3/20 (15) |
| 1–2 | 3/20 (15) |
| 3–4 | 4/20 (20) |
| ≥5 | 10/20 (50) |
| Substance use | |
| Cigarette smoking | |
| Current | 3/20 (15) |
| Former | 5/20 (25) |
| Never | 12/20 (60) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Current | 10/20 (50) |
| Former | 2/20 (10) |
| Never | 8/20 (40) |
| History of illicit drug useg | |
| Marijuana | 3/20 (15) |
| Crack/cocaine | 4/20 (20) |
| Methamphetamines | 2/20 (10) |
| Opioid use disorder on methadone | 1/20 (5) |
Abbreviations: GGO = ground glass opacities; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Unless otherwise noted.
Nursing home (n=3), incarceration (n=1), substance abuse recovery home (n=1).
Includes a patient who interacted with travelers from Italy at work, of whom there were 3 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019.
Data available for the following number of individuals: lactate dehydrogenase (n=18), C-reactive protein (n=16), ferritin (n=13), D-dimer (n=16), international normalized ratio (n=11).
Includes one individual who remains hospitalized at day 6.
Includes one individual with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia; one with Streptococcus pyogenes pneumonia; one with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia as well as polymicrobial ventilator-associated pneumonia (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella aerogenes); and two individuals with Clostridioides difficile colitis.
Not mutually exclusive.
Includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=3), asthma (n=1), obstructive sleep apnea (n=1), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1).
Includes one patient with renal cell carcinoma status post nephrectomy and subsequent deceased-donor kidney transplantation currently on immunosuppression; one patient with prostate cancer who has repeatedly declined treatment; one patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated with chemotherapy (n=1).
Out of the 9 listed above.