The paracellular pathway of human airway epithelia is HCO3− permeable. n ≥ 6 donors for all panels and all error bars represent standard deviation of the mean. A) Paracellular PNa/Cl vs. PNa/HCO3, each circle represents a single human donor; p=0.91; two-tailed paired Student’s t-test; n=12 donors. B) Paracellular PNa/HCO3 ± 1 mM acetazolamide, each circle is 1 donor; p=0.45; two-tailed paired Student’s t-test; n=6 donors. C) Relative paracellular permeabilities, Pion/PNa, for several cations and anions. We cannot reject the null hypothesis that the slopes were zero; cations p=0.15, anions p=0.76; F-test; n values are shown in figure.