Table 1:
Baseline characteristics for study population
| People with HIV (n=500*) | HIV-uninfected (n=504*) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number (%) / Median [IQR] | Number (%) / Median [IQR] | |
| Age (years) | 36 [29–43] | 35 [26.5–43] |
| Female | 343 (68.6%) | 335 (66.5%) |
| Education | ||
| Primary school or less | 408 (81.6%) | 371 (73.6%) |
| Secondary school (form 1–4) | 75 (15.0%) | 113 (22.4%) |
| University/college | 17 (3.4%) | 20 (4.0%) |
| Monthly income (TSh) | 90,000 [33,000–181,000] | 80,000 [40,000–150,000] |
| Mode of transport to clinic | ||
| Private vehicle | 75 (15.0%) | 43 (8.5%) |
| Public transport | 207 (41.4%) | 200 (39.7%) |
| Walk or Bicycle | 218 (43.6%) | 261 (51.8%) |
| Manual labor | 138 (27.6%) | 136 (27.0%) |
| Last blood pressure (BP) measurement | ||
| Within the last year | 172 (34.4%) | 113 (22.4%) |
| More than 1 year ago | 45 (9.0%) | 84 (16.7%) |
| Never | 283 (56.6%) | 307 (60.9%) |
| Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated immediately after enrollment | ||
| Tenofivir, Lamivudine, Efavirenz | 403 (80%) | N/A |
| Tenofivir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir | 31 (6.2%) | N/A |
| Other ART regimen | 24 (4.8%) | N/A |
| Delayed ART initiation | 42 (8.4%) | N/A |
| Ever used tobacco | 82 (16.4%) | 52 (10.3%) |
| Currently using tobacco | 26 (5.2%) | 28 (5.6%) |
| Ever used alcohol | 352 (70.4%) | 268 (53.2%) |
| Used alcohol in last year | 182 (36.4%) | 150 (29.8%) |
| Fruit servings/week | 2 [0.5–7] | 2 [0–4] |
| Vegetable servings/week | 5 [2–7] | 5 [2–7] |
| Add salt to cooking | 259 (51.8%) | 238 (47.2%) |
| Soda(s)/day | 1 [1–2] | 1 [1–2] |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.0 [72.4–85.5] | 80.5 [73.1–90.1] |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 21.6 [19.2–24.8] | 22.4 [19.8–26.7] |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113.5 [104.0–124.5] | 123 [112.0–134.0] |
| Low SBP at baseline (SBP<90) | 14 (2.8%) | 3 (0.6%) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.5 [68.0–82.0] | 78 [71.5–85.0] |
| Diabetes | 12 (2.4%) | 10 (2.0%) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 [10.5–13.8] | 13.6 [12.6–14.8] |
| Normal | 253 (50.6%) | 427 (84.7%) |
| Mild anemia | 88 (17.6%) | 30 (6.0%) |
| Moderate anemia | 134 (26.8%) | 42 (8.3%) |
| Severe anemia | 25 (5.0%) | 5 (1.0%) |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 | 52 (10.4%) | 54 (10.7%) |
| Albumin creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 6 [3–13.5] | 4 [0–7] |
| Normal (<30 mg/g) | 429 (85.8%) | 470 (93.3%) |
| High (≥30 & ≤300 mg/g) | 53 (10.6%) | 28 (5.6%) |
| Very High (≥300 mg/g) | 18 (3.6%) | 6 (1.2%) |
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3) | 412.5 [163.5–594] | 883 [715.5–1068.5] |
| Total lymphocyte count (cells/mm3) | 1903 [1395–2404] | 2123 [1763–2541] |