Figure 1.

A. Instructed delayed reach. The subject reaches to the remembered target location once the central manual fixation target disappears. B. Self-paced delayed reach I. The subject reaches to the remembered target location at his own pace. C. Variable reward. In the self-paced tasks, the reward size was increased with the delay length. The rewarded delay range was fixed while the minimum reward, the maximum reward and the slope were adjusted daily. D. Self-paced delayed reach II (parameter calibration set). The subject reaches to the green target at his own pace. E. Brain-control task (online decoding set). The execution time was signaled by the change in the LFP spectrum while the target position was determined by the spike firing rate. In all tasks, the subject fixated the gaze on the central eye fixation target (red square) throughout a trial. The hand icon indicates the subject’s hand position on the touch-screen during each event and it is absent in the movement period during which the hand is off the screen. The yellow flares in the target acquisition epoch indicate the reappearance or re-flashing of the reach target once the target is acquired.