. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 30.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Cardiol Hypertens. 2020 Dec 22;6:100037. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100037

Table 2.

Vitamin C and risk of PAD by smoking status.

PAD	Overall	Non-current smoker	Current smokers
PAD	OR (95% CI) P value	OR (95% CI) P value	OR (95% CI) P value
Non-adjusted
Serum vitamin C quartiles
≥1.30	1.0	1.0	1.0
1.03–1.29	1.08 (0.70, 1.65) 0.7373	1.39 (0.85, 2.29) 0.1939	0.56 (0.24, 1.30) 0.1790
0.70–1.02	0.92 (0.59, 1.42) 0.6979	0.93 (0.54, 1.60) 0.7829	0.88 (0.41, 1.85) 0.7278
≤0.69	1.61 (1.08, 2.40) 0.0190	1.40 (0.82, 2.38) 0.2168	1.69 (0.90, 3.19) 0.1056
Adjust I
Serum vitamin C quartiles
≥1.30	1.0	1.0	1.0
1.03–1.29	1.43 (0.89, 2.29) 0.1420	1.76 (1.00, 3.11) 0.0512	0.87 (0.35, 2.15) 0.7555
0.70–1.02	1.10 (0.67, 1.81) 0.7108	0.98 (0.52, 1.85) 0.9473	1.16 (0.50, 2.72) 0.7311
≤0.69	1.65 (1.02, 2.68) 0.0420	1.04 (0.54, 2.00) 0.9083	2.55 (1.15, 5.66) 0.0212
Adjust II
Serum vitamin C quartiles
≥1.30	1.0	1.0	1.0
1.03–1.29	1.35 (0.84, 2.18) 0.2212	1.70 (0.96, 3.02) 0.0692	0.75 (0.29, 1.91) 0.5440
0.70–1.02	1.03 (0.62, 1.72) 0.8940	0.93 (0.49, 1.78) 0.8290	1.05 (0.45, 2.49) 0.9055
≤0.69	1.53 (0.94, 2.51) 0.0902	1.00 (0.51, 1.96) 0.9990	2.32 (1.03, 5.23) 0.0431

Model I: age (years); gender; Race/Ethnicity; Body Mass Index (kg/m**2); Physical Activity; Education; Diabetes; CAD; hypertension, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (mg/dL).

ModelII: age (years); gender; Race/Ethnicity; Body Mass Index (kg/m**2); Physical Activity; Education; Diabetes; CAD; hypertension, total cholesterol, triglycerides (mg/dL); Vitamin D; C-reactive protein(mg/dL).