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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Sep;17(7):1081. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0596

Table 3.

Socioeconomic Factors Predictive of Cardiovascular Death or Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction in Unadjusted and Risk-Adjusted* Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Unadjusted
Relative Risk
(95% CI)		 Unadjusted model
χ2, p value		 Risk-Adjusted*
Relative Risk
(95% CI)
p value
Income Level
 <$20,000 vs. ≥$50,000		 4.91
(2.11-11.44)		 χ2=23,
p<0.0001		 4.76 (1.68-13.45)
p=0.006
Full-Time Employment
 Part-Time Employment or Unemployed
 vs. Full-Time Employment		 4.33
(2.00-9.35)		 χ2=16,
p<0.0001		 3.98 (1.59-9.97)
p=0.001
Education
 9th – 12th Grade, GED or <9th
 Grade vs. Post-High School** 		3.51
(1.76-6.99)		 χ2=12,
p=0.002		 2.84 (1.33-6.06)
p=0.017
Ethnicity
 Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander,
 or American Indian/Alaskan Native
 vs. Caucasian, non-Hispanic		 1.77
(1.13-2.77)		 χ2=10,
p=0.008		 1.49 (0.90-2.51)
p=0.13
Insurance Status
 Public** or No Health Insurance vs.
 Private HMO / PPO		 3.27
(1.72-6.21)		 χ2=16,
p<0.0001		 2.13 (1.0-4.52)
p=0.054
Marital Status
 Divorced, Separated, Living in a
 Marriage-Like Situation, or Never
 Married vs. Married		 2.51
(1.23-5.14)		 χ2=8,
p=0.022		 2.41 (1.12-5.20)
p=0.06
Retired
 Retired vs. Not Retired		 1.62
(1.07-2.44)		 χ2=5,
p=0.023		 1.46 (0.91-2.35)
p=0.213
Vocation
 Service Job
  Service vs. non-Service Job
 Non-Technical Job
  Non-Technical vs. Technical Job
 Non-Managerial Job
  Non-Managerial vs. Managerial Job		 1.79
(1.18-2.71)
1.93
(1.03-3.62)
1.60
(0.95-2.67)		 χ2=8,
p=0.006
χ2=4,
p=0.037
χ2=3,
p=0.071		 1.51 (0.94-2.41)
p=0.06
2.13 (0.98-4.67)
p=0.086
1.43 (0.80-2.52)
p=0.244

Table Abbreviations or Acronyms: CAD=Coronary Artery Disease, GED = General Educational Development Diploma, HMO = Health Maintenance, PPO = Preferred Provider Organization.

*

Risk-Adjusted by Angiographic CAD Extent, Cardiac Symptoms, Cardiac Risk Factors (smoking, age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes), and body mass index.

**

Public Insurance = Medicare, Medicaid, or Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS).

***

Post-High School = Vocational Training, Classes Toward or Completion of an Associate’s or Baccalaureate Degree or Higher.