Fig 4:

Plotted relationships between pain outcomes and cultural dominance values during English and Spanish study sessions. A) Pain intensity ratings during suprathreshold trials across cultural dominance scores and language conditions. B) Pain evoked physiological arousal assessed as mSCRa across cultural dominance scores and language conditions. Log transformed mSCRa (measured in microSiemens) are plotted on the y-axis; lower values denote lower mSCRa. Note the error bands for the red English line include the potential for a flat relationship (non-significant effect), whereas this is not the case for the blue Spanish line. Negative cultural dominance values reflect greater endorsement of Hispanic compared to US-American culture while positive values reflect the opposite. Cultural dominance scores near zero represent balanced cultural identification. Error bands denote standard error of the mean.