Table 2.
Associations between demographic and societal variables and cooking frequency of lunch and dinner over the past 7 days
| β | 95% Wald CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | reference | - | - |
| Female | 0.902 | [0.897, 0.908] | <0.001 |
| Age | |||
| Under 20 | reference | - | - |
| 21–40 | 0.289 | [0.280, 0.298] | <0.001 |
| 41–60 | 0.291 | [0.282, 0.301] | <0.001 |
| 61–80 | 0.235 | [0.224, 0.247] | <0.001 |
| Over 81 | 0.172 | [0.153, 0.191] | <0.001 |
| Education | |||
| Elementary | reference | - | - |
| Secondary | −0.017 | [−0.023, −0.012] | <0.001 |
| Tertiary | −0.079 | [−0.088, −0.071] | <0.001 |
| Marital Status | |||
| Single / Never been married | reference | - | - |
| Married | 0.234 | [0.227, 0.241] | <0.001 |
| Separated | 0.241 | [0.225, 0.257] | <0.001 |
| Divorced | 0.301 | [0.287, 0.314] | <0.001 |
| Widowed | 0.205 | [0.194, 0.217] | <0.001 |
| Domestic partner | 0.183 | [0.172, 0.193] | <0.001 |
| Children | |||
| Yes | reference | - | - |
| No | 0.066 | [0.061, 0.072] | <0.001 |
| Income | |||
| Poorest20% | reference | - | - |
| Second20% | −0.012 | [−0.019, −0.005] | 0.001 |
| Middle20% | −0.010 | [−0.017, −0.003] | 0.008 |
| Fourth20% | −0.004 | [−0.011, 0.003] | 0.296 |
| Richest20% | 0.013 | [0.005, 0.020] | 0.002 |
| Employment Status | |||
| Employer | reference | - | - |
| Employed for self | 0.096 | [0.087, 0.105] | <0.001 |
| Part-time not want full-time | 0.206 | [0.197, 0.216] | <0.001 |
| Unemployed | 0.236 | [0.225, 0.246] | <0.001 |
| Part-time want full-time | 0.217 | [0.208, 0.226] | <0.001 |
| Out of work force | 0.247 | [0.241, 0.254] | <0.001 |
| Access to food | |||
| Not enough money for food | reference | - | - |
| Yes, enough money for food | −0.052 | [−0.057, −0.047] | <0.001 |
| Health Problems | |||
| Yes | reference | - | - |
| No | 0.018 | [0.012, 0.023] | <0.001 |
| Living Environment | |||
| A rural area or on a farm | reference | - | - |
| A small town or village | −0.012 | [−0.018, −0.006] | <0.001 |
| A large city | −0.048 | [−0.054, −0.042] | <0.001 |
| A suburb of a large city | −0.043 | [−0.051, −0.034] | <0.001 |
| Religion | |||
| Secular/Non-religious | reference | - | - |
| Christian | −0.035 | [−0.044, −0.026] | <0.001 |
| Islam | −0.167 | [−0.178, −0.156] | <0.001 |
| Hinduism | −0.018 | [−0.037, 0.001] | 0.063 |
| Buddhism | −0.062 | [−0.077, −0.047] | <0.001 |
| Judaism | −0.205 | [−0.241, −0.170] | <0.001 |
| Region | |||
| European Union (EU) Members | reference | - | - |
| Non-EU European Countries | 0.022 | [0.012, 0.032] | <0.001 |
| Commonwealth of Independent States | 0.016 | [0.007, 0.026] | 0.001 |
| Australia-New Zealand | −0.004 | [−0.031, 0.023] | 0.748 |
| Southeast Asia | 0.065 | [0.053, 0.077] | <0.001 |
| South Asia | −0.111 | [−0.126, −0.096] | <0.001 |
| East Asia | −0.218 | [−0.234, −0.201] | <0.001 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | 0.042 | [0.034, 0.051] | <0.001 |
| Northern America | 0.053 | [0.034, 0.072] | <0.001 |
| Middle East and North Africa | −0.177 | [−0.189, −0.165] | <0.001 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | −0.055 | [−0.063, −0.046] | <0.001 |
| Life Evaluation | −9.730E-5 | [0, 7.622E-5] | 0.272 |
| Positive Index | 0.001 | [0.001, 0.001] | <0.001 |
| Negative Index | −1.351E-5 | [−9.641E-5, 6.939E-5] | 0.749 |
Note: Estimates calculated from Poisson model using survey weights provided by GWP and adjusted for all of the variables included in the table.