TABLE 3.

Multivariate analysis for factors associated with overall survival from date of cfDNA analysis in patients with brain tumors (N = 135)

Characteristics	Univariate analysisa		Multivariate analysis
	Median OS months	P valueb	HR (95% CI)	P valueb
Age c
≥56 y (N = 67) vs <56 y (N = 68)	11.9 vs 16.5	.02	0.87 (0.56-1.36)	.55
Gender
Men (N = 88) vs women (N = 47)	15.7 vs 17.2	.49	–	–
Race/ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic) (N = 94) vs others (N = 41)	15.7 vs 16.6	.60	–	–
Types of tumor
IDH wild type/NOS (N = 103) vs IDH mutantd (N = 32)	11.5 vs NR	<.001	3.54 (1.72–7.29)	.001
WHO grade IV (N = 93) vs grade II/III (N = 42)	11.3 vs NR	<.001	2.39 (1.32-4.34)	.004
Alteration detected in cfDNA
≥1 potential CH-type mutations (N = 23) vs none (N = 112)	7.6 vs 16.5	.02	3.28 (1.28–8.40)	.01
Total %cfDNAe ≥0.3% (N = 21) vs <0.3% (N = 114)	9.1 vs 16.3	.40	–	–
Characterized TP53 alteration (N = 17) vs not (N = 118)	7.2 vs 16.3	.08	0.39 (0.14-1.13)	.08

Abbreviations: %cfDNA, mutant allele frequency; cfDNA, cell-free DNA; CH, clonal hematopoiesis; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NOS, not otherwise specified; NR, not reached to 50%; OS, overall survival; VUS, variant of unknown significance.

^aFactors with P value <.10 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis.

^bThe bold values represent the statistically significant p-values (<0.05).

^cAge 56 years is the median. Examining age as a continuous variable was also not significant (P = .21).

^dGenerally IDH1 mutation.

^eAll types of alterations (characterized alteration, VUS, and synonymous mutation) were considered. Dichotomized at the 75 percentile of 0.3%.