Table 3.
Demography, clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 in children
| Study | Patients n |
Median Age | Infants < 1 n (%) |
Male n (%) |
Positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR n (%) |
Underlying Medical Conditions n (%) | No Symptoms n (%) |
Fever n (%) |
Respiratory (Cough / SOB) n (%) |
Pneumonia n (%) |
GI (Vomiting / Diarrhea) n (%) |
Hospitalized n (%) |
ICU care / Mechanical Ventilation n (%) |
Mortality n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zachariah et al.43 (New York) |
50 | 11 | 14 (34) | 27 (54) | 50 (100) | 33 (67) | 0 (0) | 40 (80) | 23 (46) / 17 (34) | - | 7 (14) | 50 (100) | - / 9 (18) | 1 (2) |
| Gotzinger et al.49 (Europe) |
582 | 5 | 230 (40) (<2) | 311 (53) | 582 (100) | 145 (25) | 92 (16) | 379 (65) | 313 (54) / | 93/198 (47) | 128 (22) | 363 (62) | 48 (8) / 25 (4) | 4 (1) |
| Garazzino et al.44 (Italy) |
168 | 2.3 | 66 (39) | 94 (56) | 168 (100) | 33 (20) | 4 (3) | 138 (32) | 82 (49) / 16 (10) / | 75 (45) | 9 (5) / 22(13) | 110 (65) | 2 (1) / 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Swann et al.42 (U.K.) | 651 | 4.6 | 225 (35) | 367 (56) | 651 (100) | 276 (42) | 0 (0) | 431/617(70) | 233/599 (39) / 173/570 (30) | - | 179/564 (32) | 651(100) | 116/632 (18) / 58/620 (9) | 6 /627 (1) |
| Dong et al.5 (China) | 2143 | 7 | 379 (18) | 1213 (57) | 731 (34) | - | 94 (4) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Han et al.4 (South Korea) |
91 | 11 | 6 (7) | 53 (58) | 91 (100) | 6 (7) | 20 (22) | 62 (68) | 54 (60) | - | 16 (18) | 91 (100)* | 0 (0) / 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Shekerde mian et al.48 (U.S./Canada) |
48 | 13 | 8 (17) | 25 (52) | 48 (100) | 40 (83) | 1 (2) | - | 35 (73) | - | 1 (2) | 48 (100) | 48 (100) / 18 (38) | 2 (4) |
| Cura Yayla et al.46 (Turkey) |
220 | 10 | - | 105 (48) | 220 (100)∘ | 22 (10) | 55 (26) | 89 (41) | 79 (36) / 9 (4) / | 74 (34) | 9 (4) / 17 (8) | 220 (100) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Lu et al.80 (Wuhan) |
171 | 6.7 | 31 (18) | 104 (61) | 171 (100) | - | 27 (16) | 71 (42) | 83 (49) / 49 (29) | 111 (65) | 11 (6) / 15 (9) | - | 3 (2) / 3 (2) | 1 (1) |
| Parri et al.84 (Italy) |
100 | 3.3 | 40 (40) | 57 (57) | 100(100) | 27 (27) | 21 (21) | 28/54 (52) | 44 (44) / 11(11) | 20 (20) | 10 (10) | 67 (67) | - / 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Yonker et al.81 (MA, USA) |
49 | 12.7 | 2 (4) | 23 (47) | 49 (100) | - | 0 (0) | 25 (51) | 23 (47) / 8 (16) | - | 3 (6) / 3 (6) | - | - | - |
| Chiara-Chilet et al.45 (Perú) | 91 | 6 | 28 (31) (<2) | 58 (64) | 46 (51)± ) | 49 (54) | 0 (0) | 18 (40) | 20 (18) / 13 (14) | 26 (37)▪ | 11 (13) / - | 91 (100) | 22 (24) / - | 9 (10) |
| Antunez-Montes et al.66 (Latin America) |
409 | 3 | 36 (9) | 222 (54) | 409 (100) | 83 (20) | 49 (12) | 238 (58) | 244 (60) | 170 (42) | 101 (25) | 409(100) | 32 (10) / 29 (7) | 17 (4) |
RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
SOB: shortness of breath
Pna: pneumonia
GI symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea
*
all children in study were placed in isolation, all but 2 of which were isolated in a hospital setting regardless of symptom status. Two children were placed in a non-hospital isolation unit (Han et al., 2020)
∘
9 (4) of total were confirmed via serum antibody testing
▪
abnormal chest radiography
±
remaining 45 (49%) participants confirmed via Ab testing