Table 2.

Possible therapeutic interventions

References in order of appearance	Therapeutic method	Target	Mechanism of action
Feinstein et al. 2016 [41]; Hammerschmidt et al. 2013 [56]; Heneka et al. 2010 [60]; Kalinin et al. 2012 [68]	l-DOPS (droxidopa)	DOPA decarboxylase	Increase levels of NE
Zhou 2004 [173]; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01522404	Atomoxetine	NE transporter	Increase levels of NE at synapse
Devi et al. 2012 [28]; Du and Hill, 2015 [30]; Liu et al. 2010 [81]; Zhang et al. 2014 [171]	7,8-Dihydroxyflavone	TrkB receptor	Increase levels of BDNF
Braun et al. 2014 [13]; Ginovart et al. 1996 [51]; Labatut et al. 1988 [77]; Takeda et al. 1984 [150]; Zyzek et al. 1990 [176]	Vindeburnol	Unknown	Increase NE turnover
Charalampopoulos et al. 2005 [22]; Singh et al. 2012 [142]; Sun et al. 2012 [144]; Wang et al. 2010 [166]	Allopregnanolone	GABAA receptor	Increase levels of NE
Torres-Sanchez et al. 2018 [158]	Deep brain stimulation	Multiple brain regions	Increase NE release
Chang et al. 2018 [21]; Follesa et al. 2007 [42]	Vagus nerve stimulation	Vagus nerve	Increase levels of NE and BDNF
Rorabaugh et al. 2017 [129]	Chemogenetics	LC neurons	Rescue impaired reversal learning

LC locus coeruleus, NE norepinephrine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABA γ-aminobutyric acid