Table II.

Clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes for a model of a 12-month adherence intervention in youth with HIV in the United States compared to standard-of-care

	12-month outcomes Undiscounted			Lifetime outcomes Undiscounted		Lifetime outcomes Discounted
Strategy	OIs (rate/100PY)	Onward HIV transmissions (rate/100PY)	Death (rate/100PY)	Life expectancy (months)	Per-person cost (USD)	Life expectancy (months)	Per-person cost (USD)	ICER ($/QALY)
SOC	4.0	8.1	1.5	264	778,900	151	453,500	--
AI	3.6	6.9	1.3	276	802,900	159	458,800	7,900

OI, opportunistic infection; SOC, standard-of-care; AI, adherence intervention; PY, person-year; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year ; USD 2018, 2018 US dollars

Where noted, life expectancy and costs are discounted at 3%/year. Costs and ICERs are rounded to the nearest $100. In-text cited costs are rounded separately. The ICER quantifies the cost-effectiveness of one strategy compared to another regarding the degree to which the intervention provides benefit relative to its cost. The willingness-to-pay-threshold is a normative value which varies widely by setting and decision-maker; for interpretability, we have chosen ≤$100,000/QALY, however a range of values have been suggested in US settings [14].